Main Article Content
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a kind of cancer, which mainly occurs in the lower portion of uterus. Human papilloma virus plays a major role in the occurrence of cervical cancer. Major symptoms are vaginal bleeding, foul odour in vagina, pelvic pain, etc. It is mostly diagnosed by biopsy. Chemotherapy, radiation and surgery are the widely used treatments for cervical cancer, but the main drawback was their side effects. To avoid these conditions people might follow the ancient methods of treatment. Medicinal plants got wide attention in the current society to cure various diseases. The seagrass obtained from the seashores possess a wide range of medicinal properties like anticancer activity. In this study, the anticancer potentials of the seagrass, Syringodium isoetifolium was checked with the help of MTT and Comet assays. The various functional compounds present in the seagrass were also detected by FT-IR analysis. From the results obtained from MTT assay, the least inhibitory concentration of the sample was found to be 35.63 μg/mL. Further results obtained from the Comet assay prove that the sample has the ability to kill the cancer cells. This study concludes that the methanolic extract of Syringodium isoetifolium can be used as an alternative and marine based source for the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Copyright (c) 2022 Asian Journal of Organic & Medicinal Chemistry
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References
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- S. Kannan, A. Gomathi, K. Chithra and D. Satheesh, Binuclear Copper(II) Complexes of Salphen-Type Tetra-Imine Schiff’s Bases Derived from 3,3¢-Diaminobenzidine with 3-Allylsalicylaldehyde and 3-Ethoxy-salicylaldehyde: Synthesis, Characterization and their Antimicrobial Activity, Infokara Research, 9, 236 (2020).
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- Same as ref 15).
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- K. Chithra, K. Jayanthi and D. Satheesh, Acetophenone Based Mannich Bases: Synthesis, Characterization and their Anti-bacterial Activity, World J. Pharm. Chem., 6, 1439 (2017); https://doi.org/10.20959/wjpr20172-7871
- D. Satheesh and K. Jayanthi, An in vitro Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Copper(II) and Zinc(II) Complexes of N4-Methyl-3-thiosemicarbazones, Int. J. Chem. Pharm. Anal., 4, 1179 (2017).
- K. Jayanthi and D. Satheesh, Copper (II) Complexes of Schiff Base Tridentate Ligands: Synthesis and their Antimicrobial Activities, World J. Pharm. Res., 6, 1108 (2017).
- K. Jayanthi, R.P. Meena, K. Chithra, S. Kannan, W. Shanthi, R. Saravanan, M. Suresh and D. Satheesh, Synthesis and Microbial Evaluation of Copper(II) Complexes of Schiff Base Ligand Derived from 3-Methoxy-salicylaldehyde with Semicarbazide and Thiosemicarbazide, J. Pharm. Chem. Biol. Sci., 5, 205 (2017).
References
D.M. Parkin, S.L. Whelan, J. Ferlay, L. Raymond and J. Young, Cancer incidence in five continents, vol VII. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Scientific Publications number 143. Lyon: IARC, 1997.
F.X. Bosch, M.M. Manos, N. Munoz, M. Sherman, A.M. Jansen, J. Peto, M.H. Schiffman, V. Moreno, R. Kurman and K.V. Shan, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 87, 796 (1995); https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.11.796
L. Kjellberg, G. Hallmans, A.M. Ahren, R. Johansson, F. Bergman, G. Wadell, T. Angström and J. Dillner, Br. J. Cancer, 82, 1332 (2000); https://doi.org/10.1054/bjoc.1999.1100
S.P. Wilczynski, S. Bergen, J. Walker, S.Y. Liao and L.F. Pearlman, Hum. Pathol., 19, 697 (1988); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0046-8177(88)80176-X
C. Pergent-Martini, V. Leoni, V. Pasqualini, G.D. Ardizzone, E. Balestri, R. Bedini, A. Belluscio, T. Belsher, J. Borg, C.F. Boudouresque, S. Boumaza, J.M. Bouquegneau, M.C. Buia, S. Calvo, J. Cebrian, E. Charbonnel, F. Cinelli, A. Cossu, G.D. Maida, B. Dural, P. Francour, S. Gobert, G. Lepoint, A. Meinesz, H. Molenaar, H.M. Mansour, P. Panayotidis, A. Peirano, G. Pergent, L. Piazzi, M. Pirrotta, G. Relini, J. Romero, J.L. Sanchez-Lizaso, R. Semroud, P. Shembri, A. Shili, A. Tomasello and B. Velimirov, Descriptors of Posidonia oceanica Meadows: Use and Application, Ecol. Indic., 5, 213 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2005.02.004
M.A. Hemminga and C.M. Duarte, Seagrass Ecology, Cambridge University Press: New York (2000).
K.L. Heck Jr. and R.J. Orth, Eds.: V.S. Kennedy, Seagrass Habitats: The Roles of Habitat Complexity, Competition and Predation in Structuring Associated Fish and Motile Macroinvertebrate Assemblages, In: Estuarine Perspectives, Academic Press, New York, pp 449-464 (1980).
R.J. Orth, K.L. Heck and J. van Montfrans, Faunal Communities in Seagrass Beds: A Review of the Influence of Plant Structure and Prey Characteristics on Predator-prey Relationships, Estuaries, 7, 339 (1984); https://doi.org/10.2307/1351618
M.W. Beck, K.L. Heck, K.W. Able, D.L. Childers, D.B. Eggleston, B.M. Gillanders, B. Halpern, C.G. Hays, K. Hoshino, T.J. Minello, R.J. Orth, P.F. Sheridan and M.P. Weinstein, The Identification, Conservation and Management of Estuarine and Marine Nurseries for Fish and Invertebrates: A Better Understanding of the Habitats that Serve as Nurseries for Marine Species and the Factors that Create Site-Specific Variability in Nursery Quality will Improve Conservation and Management of These Areas, Bioscience, 51, 633 (2001); https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0633:TICAMO]2.0.CO;2
E.P. Green and F.T. Short, World Atlas of Seagrasses. University of California Press, Berkeley, USA (2003).
N.P. Bharathi, P. Amudha and V. Vanitha, Sea Grasses-Novel Marine Nutraceutical, Int. J. Pharma Bio Sci., 7, 567 (2016).
R.R.R. Kannan, R. Arumugam, P. Iyapparaj, T. Thangaradjou and P. Anantharaman, In vitro Antibacterial, Cytotoxicity and Haemolytic Activities and Phytochemical Analysis of Seagrasses from the Gulf of Mannar, South India, Food Chem., 136, 1484 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.006
S. Nandhakumar, S. Parasuraman, M.M. Shanmugam, K.R. Rao, P. Chand and B.V. Bhat, Evaluation of DNA damage using Single-Cell Gel Electrophoresis (Comet Assay), J. Pharmacol. Pharmacother., 2, 107 (2011); https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-500X.81903
D. Satheesh, A. Rajendran, K. Chithra and R. Saravanan, Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of N1-Benzyl/butyl-2-methyl-4-nitro-3-imidazolium 3¢-chloroperoxy Benzoates, Chem. Data Coll., 28, 100406 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cdc.2020.100406
S. Kannan, A. Gomathi, K. Chithra and D. Satheesh, Binuclear Copper(II) Complexes of Salphen-Type Tetra-Imine Schiff’s Bases Derived from 3,3¢-Diaminobenzidine with 3-Allylsalicylaldehyde and 3-Ethoxy-salicylaldehyde: Synthesis, Characterization and their Antimicrobial Activity, Infokara Research, 9, 236 (2020).
S. Kannan, A. Gomathi, K. Chithra, D. Satheesh and C. Kasi, Synthesis, Synthesis, Characterization, Antibacterial activity and Antifungal Activity of Cu(II) Homodinuclear Complexes of Tetra-imine Schiff’s Base Ligands Derived from 3,3¢-Diaminobenzidine with 3-Hydroxy-salicylaldehyde and 3-Methoxysalicylaldehyde, Infokara Research, 9, 106 (2020).
D. Satheesh, R. Roshini, S. Jeevitha, K. Chithra, S. Vasanth Kumar, P. Sellam, Anti-inflammatory and Anti-Diabetic Activity of 8-Hydroxy-quinolinium 3,5-Dinitrobenzoate, Chem. Data Coll., 33, 100726 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cdc.2021.100726
Same as ref 15).
D. Satheesh, A. Rajendran, R. Saravanan, S. Kannan and K. Chithra, An Efficient Room Temperature Synthesis of N1-(4-Substituted benzyl)-2-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazoles and N1-Butyl-2-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazoles, Iran. J. Org. Chem., 10, 2325 (2018).
K. Chithra, K. Jayanthi and D. Satheesh, Acetophenone Based Mannich Bases: Synthesis, Characterization and their Anti-bacterial Activity, World J. Pharm. Chem., 6, 1439 (2017); https://doi.org/10.20959/wjpr20172-7871
D. Satheesh and K. Jayanthi, An in vitro Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Copper(II) and Zinc(II) Complexes of N4-Methyl-3-thiosemicarbazones, Int. J. Chem. Pharm. Anal., 4, 1179 (2017).
K. Jayanthi and D. Satheesh, Copper (II) Complexes of Schiff Base Tridentate Ligands: Synthesis and their Antimicrobial Activities, World J. Pharm. Res., 6, 1108 (2017).
K. Jayanthi, R.P. Meena, K. Chithra, S. Kannan, W. Shanthi, R. Saravanan, M. Suresh and D. Satheesh, Synthesis and Microbial Evaluation of Copper(II) Complexes of Schiff Base Ligand Derived from 3-Methoxy-salicylaldehyde with Semicarbazide and Thiosemicarbazide, J. Pharm. Chem. Biol. Sci., 5, 205 (2017).