Main Article Content
Abstract
The regioselective 1,4-addition reactions of copper thiocyanate catalyzed Grignard reagents to the substituted chalcones are reported. The homogeneous solution of dilithium tetrachloromanganate is used to transmetallate magnesium by using manganese. It adds regio-selectively to substituted chalcone derivatives and forms 1,4-addition products with higher yield under nitrogen atmosphere and at a lower temperature. It have been observed that manganese from dilithium tetrachloromanganate reagent replaces magnesium from Grignard reagent and adds regioselectively by 1,4-addition manner utilizing copper thiocyanate as a catalyst. The course of the reaction in the absence of dilithium tetrachloromanganate reagent was also studied and obtained a mixture of 1,2-addition and 1,4-addition products. In presence of dilithium tetrachloromanganate reagent, a good regio-selectivity and higher yield of desired 1,4-addition product were obtained. All the synthesized compounds were also evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive), Escherichia coli (Gramnegative) and antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger.
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References
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- F. Lopez, A.J. Minnaard and B.L. Feringa, Catalytic Enantioselective Conjugate Addition with Grignard Reagents, Acc. Chem. Res., 40, 179 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1021/ar0501976
- A. Alexakis, J.E. Bäckvall, N. Krause, O. Pàmies and M. Diéguez, Enantioselective Copper-Catalyzed Conjugate Addition and Allylic Substitution Reactions, Chem. Rev., 108, 2796 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0683515
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- L.A. Arnold, R. Naasz, A.J. Minnaard and B.L. Feringa, Catalytic Enantio-selective Synthesis of Prostaglandin E1 Methyl Ester using a Tandem 1,4-Addition-Aldol Reaction to a Cyclopenten-3,5-dione Monoacetal, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 123, 5841 (2001); https://doi.org/10.1021/ja015900+
- L.A. Arnold, R. Naasz, A.J. Minnaard and B.L. Feringa, Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of (-)-Prostaglandin E1 Methyl Ester Based on a Tandem 1,4-Addition-Aldol Reaction, J. Org. Chem., 67, 7244 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1021/jo025987x
- M.K. Brown, S.J. Degrado and A.H. Hoveyda, Highly Enantioselective Cu-Catalyzed Conjugate Additions of Dialkylzinc Reagents to Unsaturated Furanones and Pyranones: Preparation of Air-Stable and Catalytically Active Cu-Peptide Complexes, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 44, 5306 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200501251
- G.P. Howell, S.P. Fletcher, K. Geurts, B. ter Horst and B.L. Feringa, Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Acyclic Arrays by Tandem 1,4-Addition-Aldol Reactions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128, 14977 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0651862
- K. Yoshida, M. Ogasawara and T. Hayashi, A New Type of Catalytic Tandem 1,4-Addition-Aldol Reaction Which Proceeds through an (Oxa-p-allyl)rhodium Intermediate, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124, 10984 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0271025
- S.J. Degrado, H. Mizutani and A.H. Hoveyda, Modular Peptide-Based Phosphine Ligands in Asymmetric Catalysis: Efficient and Enantio-selective Cu-Catalyzed Conjugate Additions to Five-, Six-, and Seven-Membered Cyclic Enones, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 123, 755 (2001); https://doi.org/10.1021/ja003698p
- H. Mizutani, S.J. Degrado and A.H. Hoveyda, Cu-Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Additions of Alkylzinc Reagents to Acyclic Aliphatic Enones, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124, 779 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0122849
- E.W. Dijk, L. Panella, P. Pinho, R. Naasz, A. Meetsma, A.J. Minnaard and B.L. Feringa, The Asymmetric Synthesis of (-)-Pumiliotoxin C using Tandem Catalysis, Tetrahedron, 60, 9687 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2004.06.148
- R. Naasz, L.A. Arnold, A.J. Minnaard and B.L. Feringa, Enantio-selective Synthesis of Bicyclic Compounds via Catalytic 1,4-Addition-Ring Closing Metathesis, Chem. Commun., 735 (2001); https://doi.org/10.1039/b100283j
- X. Rathgeb, S. March and A. Alexakis, One-Pot Asymmetric Conjugate Addition-Trapping of Zinc Enolates by Activated Electrophiles, J. Org. Chem., 71, 5737 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1021/jo060814j
- R. Šebesta, M.G. Pizzuti, A.J. Minnaard and B.L. Feringa, Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Organometallic Reagents to Acyclic Dienones, Adv. Synth. Catal., 349, 1931 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1002/adsc.200600272
- Y.-J. Xu, Q.-Z. Liu and L. Dong, Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Tandem Conjugate Addition/N-Nitroso Aldol Reaction, Synlett, 273 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-968012
- M. Welker, S. Woodward and A. Alexakis, Tandem Reactions with Chiral Enolates: Preparation of Allylic Alcohols via Trapping with Vinyl Oxiranes, Org. Lett., 12, 576 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1021/ol9027682
- R.M. Suárez, D. Peña, A.J. Minnaard and B.L. Feringa, Tandem One Pot Asymmetric Conjugate Addition-Vinyl Triflate Formation-Cross Coupling Methodology, Org. Biomol. Chem., 3, 729 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1039/B418028C
- T. den Hartog, A. Rudolph, B. Maciá, A.J. Minnaard and B.L. Feringa, Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of trans-1-Alkyl-2-substituted Cyclopropanes via Tandem Conjugate Addition-Intra-molecular Enolate Trapping, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 132, 14349 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1021/ja105704m
- K. Li and A. Alexakis, Copper Catalyzed Tandem Asymmetric Conjugate Addition-Cyclization Reaction in the Presence of Chiral Phosphoramidite Ligands, Tetrahedron Lett., 46, 8019 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.09.065
- K. Li and A. Alexakis, Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular Conjugate Addition/Trapping Reactions: Synthesis of Cyclic Compounds with Multichiral Centers, Chem. Eur. J., 13, 3765 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.200601327
- K. Agapiou, D.F. Cauble and M.J.J. Krische, Copper-Catalyzed Tandem Conjugate Addition-Electrophilic Trapping: Ketones, Esters and Nitriles as Terminal Electrophiles, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126, 4528 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1021/ja030603l
- P. Perlmutter, Conjugate Addition Reactions in Organic Synthesis, Tetrahedron Organic Chemistry Series, Pergamon Press: Oxford, vol. 9 (1992).
- J.P. Collman, S.R. Winter and D.R. Clark, Selective Syntheses of Aliphatic Ketones using Sodium Tetracarbonylferrate(II), J. Am. Chem. Soc., 94, 1788 (1972); https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00760a084
- E.C. Ashby and J.T. Laemmle, Stereochemistry of Organometallic Compound Addition to Ketones, Chem. Rev., 75, 521 (1975); https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60296a005
- B. Weidmann and D. Seebach, Organometallic Compounds of Titanium and Zirconium as Selective Nucleophilic Reagents in Organic Synthesis, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 22, 31 (1983); https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.198300311
- J.A. Simon, The Total Synthesis of Natural Products, Wiley: New York, vol. 1-5 (1973-1983).
- J.D. Morrison and H.S. Mosher, Asymmetric Organic Reactions; Prentice Hall: New York (1971).
- K. Maruoka, T. Itoh and H. Yamamoto, Methylaluminum bis(2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-alkylphenoxide). A New Reagent for Obtaining Unusual Equatorial and Anti-cram Selectivity in Carbonyl Alkylation, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 107, 4573 (1985); https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00301a048
References
C. Zhuang, W. Zhang, C. Sheng, W. Zhang, C. Xing and Z. Miao, Chalcone: A Privileged Structure in Medicinal Chemistry, Chem. Rev., 117, 7762 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00020
A. Alexakis, J. Vastra, J. Burton, C. Benhaim and P. Mangeney, Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Diethyl Zinc to Enones with Chiral Phosphorus Ligands derived from TADDOL, Tetrahedron Lett., 39, 7869 (1998); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(98)01761-4
A. Alexakis, J. Frutos and P. Mangeney, Chiral Phosphorus Ligands for the Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Organocopper Reagents, Tetrahedron Asymm., 4, 2427 (1993); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0957-4166(00)82216-8
S.T. Saengchantara and T.W. Wallace, Conjugate Addition to 3-(p-Tolylsulphinyl)chromone: A Route to 2-Substituted Chromones and Chiral Substituted Chroman-4-ones, Tetrahedron, 46, 6553 (1990); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)96020-X
G.P. Ellis, Chromenes, Chromanones and Chromones, John Wiley & Sons: New York (1977).
B. Goldfuss, T. Löschmann and F. Rominger, Phosphinofenchol or Metastable Phosphorane? Phosphorus Derivatives of Fenchol, Chem. Eur. J., 7, 2028 (2001); https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3765(20010504)7:9<2028::AID-CHEM2028>3.0.CO;2-Y
B. Goldfuss, M. Steigelmann, J. Mol. Model., 6, 166 (2000); https://doi.org/10.1007/s0089400060166
B. Goldfuss, M. Steigelmann, F. Rominger and H. Urtel, Chiral Modular n-Butyllithium Aggregates: nBuLi Complexes with Anisyl Fencholates, Chem. Eur. J., 7, 4456 (2001); https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3765(20011015)7:20<4456::AID-CHEM4456>3.0.CO;2-S
P.A. Wender, V.A. Verma, T.J. Paxton and T.H. Pillow, Function-Oriented Synthesis, Step Economy and Drug Design, Acc. Chem. Res., 41, 40 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1021/ar700155p
S.R. Harutyunyan, T. den Hartog, K. Geurts, A.J. Minnaard and B.L. Feringa, Catalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Addition and Allylic Alkylation with Grignard Reagents, Chem. Rev., 108, 2824 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1021/cr068424k
F. Lopez, A.J. Minnaard and B.L. Feringa, Catalytic Enantioselective Conjugate Addition with Grignard Reagents, Acc. Chem. Res., 40, 179 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1021/ar0501976
A. Alexakis, J.E. Bäckvall, N. Krause, O. Pàmies and M. Diéguez, Enantioselective Copper-Catalyzed Conjugate Addition and Allylic Substitution Reactions, Chem. Rev., 108, 2796 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0683515
S.-Y. Wang and T.-P. Loh, Highly Enantioselective Cu(I)–Tol-BINAP-Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Grignard Reagents to a,b-Unsaturated Esters, Chem. Commun., 46, 8694 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1039/c0cc03211e
J. Christoffers, G. Koripelly, A. Rosiak and M. Rössle, Recent Advances in Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Additions, Synthesis, 1279 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-966005
A. Gutnov, Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Aryl–Metal Species, Eur. J. Org. Chem., 2008, 4547 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.200800541
T. Hayashi and K. Yamasaki, Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4-Addition and Its Related Asymmetric Reactions, Chem. Rev., 103, 2829 (2003); https://doi.org/10.1021/cr020022z
H.J. Edwards, J.D. Hargrave, S.D. Penrose and C.G. Frost, Synthetic Applications of Rhodium Catalyzed Conjugate Addition, Chem. Soc. Rev., 39, 2093 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1039/b919762c
T. Hayashi, Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Organo-Boron and -Titanium Reagents to Electron-Deficient Olefins, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 77, 13 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.77.13
H.-C. Guo and J.-A. Ma, Catalytic Asymmetric Tandem Transformations Triggered by Conjugate Additions, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 45, 354 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200500195
T. Jerphagnon, M.G. Pizzuti, A.J. Minnaard and B.L. Feringa, Recent Advances in Enantioselective Copper-Catalyzed 1,4-Addition, Chem. Soc. Rev., 38, 1039 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1039/b816853a
L.A. Arnold, R. Naasz, A.J. Minnaard and B.L. Feringa, Catalytic Enantio-selective Synthesis of Prostaglandin E1 Methyl Ester using a Tandem 1,4-Addition-Aldol Reaction to a Cyclopenten-3,5-dione Monoacetal, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 123, 5841 (2001); https://doi.org/10.1021/ja015900+
L.A. Arnold, R. Naasz, A.J. Minnaard and B.L. Feringa, Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of (-)-Prostaglandin E1 Methyl Ester Based on a Tandem 1,4-Addition-Aldol Reaction, J. Org. Chem., 67, 7244 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1021/jo025987x
M.K. Brown, S.J. Degrado and A.H. Hoveyda, Highly Enantioselective Cu-Catalyzed Conjugate Additions of Dialkylzinc Reagents to Unsaturated Furanones and Pyranones: Preparation of Air-Stable and Catalytically Active Cu-Peptide Complexes, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 44, 5306 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200501251
G.P. Howell, S.P. Fletcher, K. Geurts, B. ter Horst and B.L. Feringa, Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Acyclic Arrays by Tandem 1,4-Addition-Aldol Reactions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128, 14977 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0651862
K. Yoshida, M. Ogasawara and T. Hayashi, A New Type of Catalytic Tandem 1,4-Addition-Aldol Reaction Which Proceeds through an (Oxa-p-allyl)rhodium Intermediate, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124, 10984 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0271025
S.J. Degrado, H. Mizutani and A.H. Hoveyda, Modular Peptide-Based Phosphine Ligands in Asymmetric Catalysis: Efficient and Enantio-selective Cu-Catalyzed Conjugate Additions to Five-, Six-, and Seven-Membered Cyclic Enones, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 123, 755 (2001); https://doi.org/10.1021/ja003698p
H. Mizutani, S.J. Degrado and A.H. Hoveyda, Cu-Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Additions of Alkylzinc Reagents to Acyclic Aliphatic Enones, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124, 779 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0122849
E.W. Dijk, L. Panella, P. Pinho, R. Naasz, A. Meetsma, A.J. Minnaard and B.L. Feringa, The Asymmetric Synthesis of (-)-Pumiliotoxin C using Tandem Catalysis, Tetrahedron, 60, 9687 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2004.06.148
R. Naasz, L.A. Arnold, A.J. Minnaard and B.L. Feringa, Enantio-selective Synthesis of Bicyclic Compounds via Catalytic 1,4-Addition-Ring Closing Metathesis, Chem. Commun., 735 (2001); https://doi.org/10.1039/b100283j
X. Rathgeb, S. March and A. Alexakis, One-Pot Asymmetric Conjugate Addition-Trapping of Zinc Enolates by Activated Electrophiles, J. Org. Chem., 71, 5737 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1021/jo060814j
R. Šebesta, M.G. Pizzuti, A.J. Minnaard and B.L. Feringa, Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Organometallic Reagents to Acyclic Dienones, Adv. Synth. Catal., 349, 1931 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1002/adsc.200600272
Y.-J. Xu, Q.-Z. Liu and L. Dong, Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Tandem Conjugate Addition/N-Nitroso Aldol Reaction, Synlett, 273 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-968012
M. Welker, S. Woodward and A. Alexakis, Tandem Reactions with Chiral Enolates: Preparation of Allylic Alcohols via Trapping with Vinyl Oxiranes, Org. Lett., 12, 576 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1021/ol9027682
R.M. Suárez, D. Peña, A.J. Minnaard and B.L. Feringa, Tandem One Pot Asymmetric Conjugate Addition-Vinyl Triflate Formation-Cross Coupling Methodology, Org. Biomol. Chem., 3, 729 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1039/B418028C
T. den Hartog, A. Rudolph, B. Maciá, A.J. Minnaard and B.L. Feringa, Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of trans-1-Alkyl-2-substituted Cyclopropanes via Tandem Conjugate Addition-Intra-molecular Enolate Trapping, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 132, 14349 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1021/ja105704m
K. Li and A. Alexakis, Copper Catalyzed Tandem Asymmetric Conjugate Addition-Cyclization Reaction in the Presence of Chiral Phosphoramidite Ligands, Tetrahedron Lett., 46, 8019 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.09.065
K. Li and A. Alexakis, Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular Conjugate Addition/Trapping Reactions: Synthesis of Cyclic Compounds with Multichiral Centers, Chem. Eur. J., 13, 3765 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.200601327
K. Agapiou, D.F. Cauble and M.J.J. Krische, Copper-Catalyzed Tandem Conjugate Addition-Electrophilic Trapping: Ketones, Esters and Nitriles as Terminal Electrophiles, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126, 4528 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1021/ja030603l
P. Perlmutter, Conjugate Addition Reactions in Organic Synthesis, Tetrahedron Organic Chemistry Series, Pergamon Press: Oxford, vol. 9 (1992).
J.P. Collman, S.R. Winter and D.R. Clark, Selective Syntheses of Aliphatic Ketones using Sodium Tetracarbonylferrate(II), J. Am. Chem. Soc., 94, 1788 (1972); https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00760a084
E.C. Ashby and J.T. Laemmle, Stereochemistry of Organometallic Compound Addition to Ketones, Chem. Rev., 75, 521 (1975); https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60296a005
B. Weidmann and D. Seebach, Organometallic Compounds of Titanium and Zirconium as Selective Nucleophilic Reagents in Organic Synthesis, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 22, 31 (1983); https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.198300311
J.A. Simon, The Total Synthesis of Natural Products, Wiley: New York, vol. 1-5 (1973-1983).
J.D. Morrison and H.S. Mosher, Asymmetric Organic Reactions; Prentice Hall: New York (1971).
K. Maruoka, T. Itoh and H. Yamamoto, Methylaluminum bis(2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-alkylphenoxide). A New Reagent for Obtaining Unusual Equatorial and Anti-cram Selectivity in Carbonyl Alkylation, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 107, 4573 (1985); https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00301a048