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Abstract
The present work focuses on indole derivatives due to their promising inhibition activity toward GSK-3b. New compounds based on the indole moiety were synthesized via Japp-Klingemann indole synthesis. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectral data, GC-HRMS and elemental analysis. The in vitro GSK-3b inhibitory activity of the new compounds was evaluated using a luminance assay technique in terms of IC50. Compound Aii11 showed excellent inhibitory activity. Compounds Aii2, Aii1 and Aii3 presented promising GSK-3b inhibitory activity.
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References
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References
H. Eldar-Finkelman, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3: An Emerging Therapeutic Target, Trends Mol. Med., 8, 126 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1471-4914(01)02266-3
Y. Zhu, J. Zhao, L. Luo, Y. Gao, H. Bao, P. Li and H. Zhang, Research Progress of Indole Compounds with Potential Antidiabetic Activity, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 223, 113665 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113665
A. Martinez, A. Castro, I. Dorronsoro and M. Alonso, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK-3) Inhibitors as New Promising Drugs for Diabetes, Neurodegeneration, Cancer and Inflammation, Med. Res. Rev., 22, 373 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1002/med.10011
M. Maqbool and N. Hoda, GSK3 Inhibitors in the Therapeutic Development of Diabetes, Cancer and Neurodegeneration: Past, Present and Future, Curr. Pharm. Des., 23, 4332 (2017); https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666170714141450
L. Meijer, M. Flajolet and P. Greengard, Pharmacological Inhibitors of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3, Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 25, 471 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2004.07.006
A.P. Saraswati, S.M. Ali Hussaini, N.H. Krishna, B.N. Babu and A. Kamal, Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 and its Inhibitors: Potential Target for Various Therapeutic Conditions, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 144, 843 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.103
R.J. Sundberg, Indoles, Academic Press: San Diego, USA, pp. 113 (1996).
M. Bandini and A. Eichholzer, Catalytic Functionalization of Indoles in a New Dimension, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 48, 9608 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200901843
S.S. Patil and K.R. Dandagvhal, Indole-An Interesting Scaffold in Drug Discovery, Int. J. Res. Pharm. Chem., 6, 301 (2016).
C. Dahlöf, Update on Sumatriptan: New Progress in Migraine Treatment, Clin. Pract., 2, 349 (2005); https://doi.org/10.2217/14750708.2.3.349
J. Behari, G. Zeng, W. Otruba, M.D. Thompson, P. Muller, A. Micsenyi, S.S. Sekhon, L. Leoni and S.P. Monga, R-Etodolac Decreases b-Catenin Levels Along with Survival and Proliferation of Hepatoma Cells, J. Hepatol., 46, 849 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2006.11.017
J. Koch-Weser and W.H. Frishman, Pindolol: A New b-Adrenoceptor Antagonist with Partial Agonist Activity, N. Engl. J. Med., 308, 940 (1983); https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198304213081606
G.R. Humphrey and J.T. Kuethe, Practical Methodologies for the Synthesis of Indoles, Chem. Rev., 106, 2875 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0505270
P.V. Thanikachalam, R.K. Maurya, V. Garg and V. Monga, An Insight into the Medicinal Perspective of Synthetic Analogs of Indole: A Review, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 180, 562 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.019
B.S. Furniss, Vogel’s Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, Pearson Education India, pp. 395-412 (1989).
Y. Baqi, S. Alshaibani, K. Ritter, A. Abdelrahman, A. Spinrath, E. Kostenis and C.E. Müller, Improved Synthesis of 4-/6-Substituted 2-Carboxy-1H-indole-3-propionic Acid Derivatives and Structure–Activity Relationships as GPR17 Agonists, MedChemComm, 5, 86 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1039/C3MD00309D
I. Gameiro, P. Michalska, G. Tenti, Á. Cores, I. Buendia, A.I. Rojo, N.D. Georgakopoulos, J.M. Hernández-Guijo, M.T. Ramos, G. Wells, M.G. López, A. Cuadrado, J.Carlos-Menéndez and R. León, Discovery of the First Dual GSK3b Inhibitor/Nrf2 Inducer. A New Multitarget Therapeutic Strategy for Alzheimer’s Disease, Sci. Rep., 7, 45701 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1038/srep45701
V. Palomo, D.I. Perez, C. Perez, J.A. Morales-Garcia, A. Castro, I. Soteras, S. Alonso-Gil, A. Encinas, N.E. Campillo, A. Perez-Castillo, C. Gil and A. Martinez, 5-Imino-1,2,4-Thiadiazoles: First Small Molecules as Substrate Competitive Inhibitors of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3, J. Med. Chem., 55, 1645 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1021/jm201463v