Main Article Content
Abstract
Breast cancer still remains one of the precarious ailments among humans globally. The vulnerability of this ailment in homeopathic world remains colossal and this has drawn the attention of seasoned researchers to find lasting solution to this hazard. Therefore, 10 novel 1,2,4-thiadiazole-1,2,4-triazole derivatives were studied so as to explore their anti-breast cancer activities. The studied compounds were optimized using Spartan 14 and the QSAR study was executed by using Gretl and MATLAB. Also, docking study was observed using Pymol (for treating downloaded protein), Autodock Tool (for locating binding site in the downloaded protein and for converting ligand and receptor to .pdbqt format from .pdb format), Auto dock vina (for docking calculation) and discovery studio (for viewing the non-bonding interaction between the docked complexes). The selected descriptors were used to developed effective QSAR model and it was observed that the developed QSAR model using artificial neural network (ANN) predicted better than the prediction made by multiple linear regression (MLR). More so, the calculated binding affinity revealed that compound g (-11.4 kcal/mol) possess ability to inhibit 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (PDB ID: 4xo6) than other studied compounds as well as etoposide (Standard).
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Copyright (c) 2021 AJC
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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References
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O.A. Kolawole, F. Olatomide A and S. Banjo, Anti-Gastric Cancer Activity of 1,2,3-Triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine Hybrids (1,2,3-TPH): QSAR and Molecular Docking Approaches, Heliyon, 6, e03561 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03561
J.Y. Zhang, Apoptosis-Based Anticancer Drugs, Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 1, 101 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd742
J.K. Buolamwini, Novel Anticancer Drug Discovery, Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 3, 500 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1367-5931(99)80073-8
G. Charitos, D.T. Trafalis, P. Dalezis, C. Potamitis, P. Zoumpoulakis, V. Sarli and C. Camoutsis, Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Novel 3,6-Disubstituted 1,2,4-Triazolo[3,4-b]1,3,4-thiadiazole Derivatives, Arab. J. Chem., 12, 4784 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.09.015
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J.R. Molina, P. Yang, S.D. Cassivi, S.E. Schild and A.A. Adjei, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Treatment and Survivorship, Mayo Clin. Proc., 83, 584 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-6196(11)60735-0
B. Ljepoja, J. García-Roman, A.-K. Sommer, E. Wagner and A. Roidl, Breast, 43, 31 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2018.10.007
S.P. Helmrich, S. Shapiro, L. Rosenberg, D.W. Kaufman, D. Slone, C. Bain, O.S. Miettinen, P.D. Stolley, N.B. Rosenshein, R.C. Knapp, T. Leavitt Jr., D. Schottenfeld, R.L. Engle Jr. and M. Levy, Risk Factors for Breast Cancer, Am. J. Epidemiol., 117, 35 (1983); https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113513
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A.K. Kaur, S. Kumar and P.K. Sharma, Hepatoprotective Activity of Inula cappa DC. Aqueous Extract against Carbon Tetrachloride induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats, Int. Res. J. Pharm., 8, 14 (2017); https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.08013
B. Kaproñ, J.J. Luszczki, A. Plaziñska, A. Siwek, T. Karcz, A. Grybos, G. Nowak, A. Makuch-Kocka, K. Walczak, E. Langner, K. Szalast, S. Marciniak, M. Paczkowska, J. Cielecka-Piontek, L.M. Ciesla and T. Plech, Development of the 1,2,4-Triazole-based Anticonvulsant Drug Candidates Acting on the Voltage-gated Sodium Channels. Insights from in-vivo, in-vitro and in-silico Studies, Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 129, 42 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2018.12.018
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F. Lazrak, E.M. Essassi, Y.K. Rodi, K. Misbahi and M. Pierrot, Synthese De Nouveaux Systemes Condenses Renfermant Le 1,2,4-triazole, La 1,3-thiazine, La 1,3-thiazepine Et La 1,3,5,7-dithiadiazocine, Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Rel. Elem., 179, 1799 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1080/10426500490466526
F. Lazrak, N.H. Ahabchane, A. Keita, E.M. Essassi and M. Pierrot, Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 3-Methoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-p-tolyl-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-c]-1,2,4-triazole, J. Indian Chem., 41B, 821 (2002).
Q. Zhang, Y. Peng, X.I. Wang, S.M. Keenan, S. Arora and W.J. Welsh, Highly Potent Triazole-Based Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors, J. Med. Chem., 50, 749 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1021/jm061142s
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M.T.M. El Wassimy, M. Abdel-Rahman, A.B.A.G. Ghattas and O.A.A. Abdallah, Synthesis and Reactions of N-Chloromethyl-1,2,4-triazoles with Sulfur and Oxygen Nucleophiles, Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Rel. Elem., 70, 99 (1992); https://doi.org/10.1080/10426509208049156
M.-X. Song and X.-Q. Deng, Recent Developments on Triazole Nucleus in Anticonvulsant Compounds: A Review, J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem., 33, 453 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1080/14756366.2017.1423068
H. Kumar, A.S. Javed, A.S. Khan and M. Amir, 1,3,4-Oxadiazole/Thiadiazole and 1,2,4-Triazole Derivatives of Biphenyl-4-yloxy Acetic Acid: Synthesis and Preliminary Evaluation of Biological Properties, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 43, 2688 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.01.039
N.K. Basu and F.L. Rose, S-Triazolopyridazines: Synthesis as Potential Therapeutic Agents, J. Chem. Soc., 5660 (1963); https://doi.org/10.1039/jr9630005660
G. Wu, Y. Gao, D. Kang, B. Huang, Z. Huo, H. Liu, V. Poongavanam, P. Zhan and X. Liu, Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Tacrine-1,2,3-triazole Derivatives as Potent Cholinesterase Inhibitors, MedChemComm, 9, 149 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1039/C7MD00457E
A. Aliabadi, E. Eghbalian and A. Kiani, Synthesis and Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of a Series of 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Based Compounds as Anticancer Agents, Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci., 16, 1133 (2013).
N. Kushwaha, S.K.S. Kushwaha and A.K. Rai, Biological Activities of Thiadiazole Derivatives: A Review, Int. J. Chem. Res., 4, 517 (2012).
S.M. Gomha, T.A. Salah and A.O. Abdelhamid, Synthesis, Characteri-zation and Pharmacological Evaluation of Some Novel Thiadiazoles and Thiazoles Incorporating Pyrazole Moiety as Anticancer Agents, Monatsh. Chem., 146, 149 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-014-1303-9
S.M. Gomha and H.M. Abdel-Aziz, Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives Bearing Coumarine Ring, Heterocycles, 91, 583 (2015); https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-14-13146
N. Siddiqui, P. Ahuja, W. Ahsan, S.N. Pandeya and M.S. Alam, Thiadiazoles: Progress Report on Biological Activities, J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 1, 19 (2009).
P. Bhattacharya, J.T. Leonard and K. Roy, Exploring QSAR of Thiazole and Thiadiazole Derivatives as Potent and Selective Human Adenosine A3 Receptor Antagonists using FA and GFA Techniques, Bioorg. Med. Chem., 13, 1159 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2004.11.022
A. Foroumadi, Z. Kargar, A. Sakhteman, Z. Sharifzadeh, M. Kazemi, R. Feyzmohammadi and A. Shafiee, Synthesis and Antimycobacterial Activity of Some Alkyl [5-(Nitroaryl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio]propio-nates, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 16, 1164 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.11.087
D. Kumar, N. Maruthi Kumar, K.-H. Chang and K. Shah, Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of 5-(3-Indolyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazoles, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 45, 4664 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.07.023
B. Sharma, A. Verma, S. Prajapati and U.K. Sharma, Synthetic Methods, Chemistry, and the Anticonvulsant Activity of Thiadiazoles, Int. J. Med. Chem., 2013, 348948 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/348948
V. Mathew, J. Keshavayya, V.P. Vaidya and D. Giles, Studies on Synthesis and Pharmacological Activities of 3,6-Disubstituted-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b]1,3,4-thiadiazoles and their Dihydro Analogues, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 42, 823 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.12.010
K. Jain, S. Sharma, A. Vaidya, V. Ravichandran and R.K. Agrawal, 1,3,4-Thiadiazole and its Derivatives: A Review on Recent Progress in Biological Activities, Chem. Biol. Drug Des., 81, 557 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1111/cbdd.12125
B. Zhang, X.-J. Hu, X.-Q. Wang, J.-F. Th’eriault, D.-W. Zhu, P. Shang, F. Labrie and S.-X. Lin, Human 3a-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 3: Structural Clues of 5a-DHT Reverse Binding and Enzyme Down-Regulation Decreasing MCF7 Cell Growth, Biochem. J., 473, 1037 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1042/BCJ20160083
Y.J. Pragathi, R. Sreenivasulu, D. Veronica and R.R. Raju, Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1,2,4-Thiadiazole-1,2,4-Triazole Derivatives Bearing Amide Functionality as Anticancer Agents, Arab. J. Sci. Eng., 46, 225 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-020-04626-z
A.K. Oyebamiji, I.O. Abdulsalami and B. Semire, Dataset on in silico Approaches for 3,4-Hihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one Urea Derivatives as Efficient Staphylococcus aureus inhibitor, Data Brief, 32, 106195 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.106195
R.O. Adegoke, A.K. Oyebamiji and B. Semire, Dataset on the DFT-QSAR and Docking Approaches for Anticancer Activities of 1,2,3-Triazole-Pyrimidine Derivatives Against Human Esophageal Carcinoma (EC-109), Data Brief, 31, 105963 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.105963
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