Article Sidebar

Download
PDF

Main Article Content

Abstract

Crystal engineering has emerged as a method to obtain pharmaceutical cocrystals, a solid form of an existing active pharmaceutical ingredient, which can lead to altered physico-chemical properties without covalent modification in the existing APIs. The overall developed in obtaining pharmaceutical cocrystals has come up by the growth in viability of existing APIs as time and cost spent on obtaining new chemical entity is tremendous and acceptance of these as a solid form by both United States Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency. Another aspect and challenge of immense importance is to obtain API-API cocrystals, which can be formulated in fixed dosages in pharmaceutical cocrystals. A few examples of API-API cocrystals existing in the market and potential candidates in different stages of their clinical trials are highlighted in this mini review

Keywords

Crystal engineering Pharmaceutical cocrystals Celecoxib Tramadol Ertugliflozin 5-oxo-proline Lamivudine Zidovudine Lexapro® Entresto®

Article Details

How to Cite
Azim, Y. (2018). From Crystallography to Crystal Engineering of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals. Asian Journal of Organic & Medicinal Chemistry, 3(4), 126–128. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajomc.2018.AJOMC-P138
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

References

  1. Maxims and Reflections of Goethe, Published Posthumously (1833).
  2. G.R. Desiraju, Crystal Engineering: The Design of Organic Solids, Elsevier: Amsterdam (1989).
  3. https://www.britannica.com/technology/pharmaceutical-industry.
  4. J.D. Bernal and D. Crowfoot, The Structure of Some Hydrocarbons Related to the Sterols, J. Chem. Soc., 93 (1935); https://doi.org/10.1039/jr9350000093.
  5. (a) J.M. Robertson and J.G. White, The Crystal Structure of Coronene: A Quantitative X-Ray Investigation, J. Chem. Soc., 607 (1945); https://doi.org/10.1039/jr9450000607. (b) J.M. Robertson and J.G. White, The Crystal Structure of Pyrene: A Quantitative X-Ray Investigation, J. Chem. Soc., 358 (1947); https://doi.org/10.1039/jr9470000358. (c) J.M. Robertson, The Measurement of Bond Lengths in Conjugated Molecules of Carbon Centres, Proc. R. Soc. Lond., 207, 101 (1951); https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1951.0104.
  6. FDA Challenges and Opportunity on the Critical Path to New Medical Products http://www.fda.gov/oc/initiatives/criticalpath/whitepaper.html# innovation.
  7. J.A. DiMasi, R.W. Hansen and H.G. Grabowski, The Price Of Innovation: New Estimates of Drug Development Costs, J. Health Econ., 22, 151 (2003); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6296(02)00126-1.
  8. S. Aitipamula, R. Banerjee, A.K. Bansal, K. Biradha, M.L. Cheney, A.R. Choudhury, G.R. Desiraju, A.G. Dikundwar, R. Dubey, N. Duggirala, P.P. Ghogale, S. Ghosh, P.K. Goswami, N.R. Goud, R.R.K.R. Jetti, P. Karpinski, P. Kaushik, D. Kumar, V. Kumar, B. Moulton, A. Mukherjee, G. Mukherjee, A.S. Myerson, V. Puri, A. Ramanan, T. Rajamannar, C.M. Reddy, N. Rodriguez-Hornedo, R.D. Rogers, T.N.G. Row, P. Sanphui, N. Shan, G. Shete, A. Singh, C.C. Sun, J.A. Swift, R. Thaimattam, T.S. Thakur, R. Kumar Thaper, S.P. Thomas, S. Tothadi, V.R. Vangala, N. Variankaval, P. Vishweshwar, D.R. Weyna and M.J. Zaworotko, Polymorphs, Salts and Cocrystals: What's in a Name? Cryst. Growth Des., 12, 2147 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1021/cg3002948.
  9. Ö. Almarsson and M.J. Zaworotko, Crystal Engineering of the Compo-sition of Pharmaceutical Phases. Do Pharmaceutical Co-Crystals Represent a New Path to Improved Medicines? Chem. Commun., 17, 1889 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1039/b402150a.
  10. S.S.A. Abidi, Y. Azim, S.N. Khan and A.U. Khan, Sulfaguanidine Co-crystals: Synthesis, Structural Characterization and their Antibacterial and Hemolytic Analysis, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 149, 351 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2017.11.028.
  11. S.S.A. Abidi, Y. Azim, A.K. Gupta and C.P. Pradeep, Cocrystals Of Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Indole-3-Butyric Acid: Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Hirshfeld Surface Analysis, J. Mol. Struct., 1166, 202 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.04.035.
  12. S.S.A. Abidi, Y. Azim, A.K. Gupta and C.P. Pradeep, Mechanochemical Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Three Novel Cocrystals of Dimethylglyoxime with N-Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds and Acetamide, J. Mol. Struct., 1150, 103 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.08.080.
  13. R. Thakuria and B. Sarma, Drug-Drug and Drug Nutraceutical Co-crystal/Salt as Alternative Medicine for Combination Therapy: A Crystal Engineering Approach, Crystals, 8, 101 (2018); https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst8020101.
  14. A.A. Najar and Y. Azim, Pharmaceutical Co-crystals: A New Paradigm of Crystal Engineering, J. Indian Inst. Sci., 94, 45 (2014).
  15. W.T.A. Harrison, H.S. Yathirajan, S. Bindya, H.G. Anilkumar and M. Devaraju, Escitalopram Oxalate: Co-Existence of Oxalate Dianions and Oxalic Acid Molecules in the Same Crystal, Acta Crystallogr. C, 63, 129 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1107/S010827010605520X.
  16. G. Bolla and A. Nangia, Pharmaceutical Cocrystals: Walking the Talk, Chem. Commun., 52, 8342 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CC02943D.
  17. C. Almansa, R. Mercè, N. Tesson, J. Farran, J. Tomàs and C.R. Plata-Salamán, Co-Crystal of Tramadol Hydrochloride-Celecoxib (ctc): A Novel API-API Co-crystal for the Treatment of Pain, Cryst. Growth Des., 17, 1884 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.6b01848.
  18. V. Mascitti, B.A. Thuma, A.C. Smith, R.P. Robinson, T. Brandt, A.S. Kalgutkar, T.S. Maurer, B. Samas and R. Sharma, On Importance of Synthetic Organic Chemistry in Drug Discovery: Reflections on the Discovery of Antidiabetic Agent Ertugliflozin, MedChemComm, 4, 101 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1039/C2MD20163A.
  19. P.M. Bhatt, Y. Azim, T.S. Thakur and G.R. Desiraju, Co-Crystals of the Anti-HIV Drugs Lamivudine and Zidovudine, Cryst. Growth Des., 9, 951 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1021/cg8007359.