Main Article Content
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of novel 2,3,4-trisubstituted 1,5-benzothiazepines (4a-e) incorporating the sulfonyl group is described. Compound (4a-e) was synthesized by the reaction of 3-(1,4-dioxane-6-sulfonyl)- 2,4-dimethyl/4-methyl-2-phenyl/2,4-diphenyl/2-ethoxy-4-methyl/2,4-diethoxy propane-1,3-dione (3ae) with 2-aminobenzenethiol with ZnOnanoparticles/pyridine. Formation of compound (3a-e) was achieved by the reaction of 1,4-dioxane-6-sulfonyl chloride (1) with 2,4-dimethyl/4-methyl-2-phenyl/2,4-diphenyl/ 2-ethoxy-4-methyl/2,4-diethoxy propane-1,3-dione (2a-e). The benzothiazepines (4a-e) obtained were purified by column chromatography (benzene: CHCl3, 40:60, 30:70, 20:80, 10:90) and crystallized from methanol. The purity of the compounds was checked by TLC using (CHCl3: CH3OH, 9:1) as the mobile phase. The structure of the compounds has been established by elemental, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and Mass spectral analyses. Frontier molecular orbitals of the title compounds have been studied in the ground state speculatively. The reactivity of a molecule using diverse descriptors such as softness, electrophilicity, electronegativity, HOMO-LUMO energy gap is calculated additionally discussed.
Keywords
Article Details
References
- J.B. Bariwal, K.D. Upadhyay, A.T. Manvar, J.C. Trivedi, J.S. Singh, K.S. Jain and A.K. Shah, 1,5-Benzothiazepine, A Versatile Pharmacophore: A Review, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 43, 2279 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.05.035.
- G. Campiani, S. Butini, C. Fattorusso, F. Trotta, S. Gemma, B. Catalanotti, V. Nacci, I. Fiorini, A. Cagnotto, I. Mereghetti, T. Mennini, P. Minetti, M.A. Di Cesare, M.A. Stasi, S. Di Serio, O. Ghirardi, O. Tinti and P. Carminati, Novel Atypical Antipsychotic Agents: Rational Design, An Efficient Palladium-Catalyzed Route and Pharmacological Studies, J. Med. Chem., 48, 1705 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1021/jm049629t.
- K. Bajaj, V.K. Srivastava and A. Kumar, Synthesis and Psychotropic Evaluation of Some New N-substitutedbenzothia/oxazepinylphenothia-zines, Indian J. Chem., 43B, 157 (2004).
- S. Mor, P. Pahal and B. Narasimhan, Synthesis, Characterization, Biological Evaluation and QSAR Studies of 11-p-substituted phenyl-12-phenyl-11a,12-dihydro-11H-indeno[2,1-c][1,5]benzothiazepines as Potential Antimicrobial Agents, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 57, 196 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.09.003.
- R.K. Saini, Y.C. Joshi and P. Joshi, Solvent-Free Synthesis of Some 1,5-Benzothiazepines and Benzodiazepines and their Antibacterial Activity, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Silicon Rel. Elem., 183, 2181 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1080/10426500701852661.
- S. Kimoto, M. Haruna, E. Matsuura, O. Uno, M. Ishii, S. Hirono, K. Yoshimura, M. Ueda and K. Iwaki, Pharmacological Studies on a New Antihypertensive Agent, S-2150, A Benzothiazepine Derivative: 3. Hypotensive and Antimyocardial-Stunning Effects in Dogs, J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 29, 180 (1997); https://doi.org/10.1097/00005344-199702000-00005.
- G. Grandolini, L. Perioli and V. Ambrogi, Synthesis of Some New 1,4-Benzothiazine and 1,5-Bnzothiazepine Tricyclic Derivatives with Structural Analogy with TIBO and their Screening for Anti-HIV Activity, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 34, 701 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0223-5234(99)00223-8.
- M. Kaburaki, H. Narita, H. Yabana, T. Karasawa, H. Doi and S. Murata, Cardiovascular Effect of a New 1,5-Benzothiazepine Derivative TA-993 in Anesthetized Dogs, J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 31, 240 (1998); https://doi.org/10.1097/00005344-199802000-00009.
- R.R. Ben-Harari, M. Stenner and K.M. Sutin, Clinical Potency of Calcium Channel Blockers in Asthma may be Related to their Inhibition of Receptor-Mediated Phasic Responses in vitro, Life Sci., 51, 2049 (1992); https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(92)90155-I.
- M. Amblard, I. Daffix, P. Bedos, G. Berge, D. Pruneau, J.L. Paquet, J.M. Luccarini, P. Belichard, P. Dodey and J. Martinez, Design and Synthesis of Potent Bradykinin Agonists Containing a Benzothiazepine Moiety, J. Med. Chem., 42, 4185 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1021/jm9901529.
- N. Garg, T. Chandra, A.B. Archana, A.B. Jain and A. Kumar, Synthesis and Evaluation of Some New Substituted Benzothiazepine and Benzoxa-zepine Derivatives as Anticonvulsant Agents, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 45, 1529 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.01.001.
- C.K. Dong, S. Urgaonkar, J.F. Cortese, F.-J. Gamo, J.F. Garcia-Bustos, M.J. Lafuente, V. Patel, L. Ross, B.I. Coleman, E.R. Derbyshire, C.B. Clish, A.E. Serrano, M. Cromwell, R.H. Barker Jr., J.D. Dvorin, M.T. Duraisingh, D.F. Wirth, J. Clardy and R. Mazitschek, Identification and Validation of Tetracyclic Benzothiazepines as Plasmodium falciparum Cytochrome bc1 Inhibitors, Chem. Biol., 18, 1602 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.09.016.
- K. Satyanarayana and M.N.A. Rao, Synthesis of 3-[4-[2,3-Dihydro-2-(substituted aryl)-1,5-benzothiazepin-4-yl]phenyl]sydnones as Potential Antiinflammatory Agents, Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 55, 230 (1993).
- K. Nakayama, Y. Nozawa and Y. Fukuta, Allosteric Interaction of Semotiadil Fumarate, A Novel Benzothiazine, with 1,4-Dihydropyridines, Phenyl-alkylamines, and 1,5-Benzothiazepines at the Ca2+-Channel Antagonist Binding Sites in Canine Skeletal Muscle Membranes, J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 23, 731 (1994); https://doi.org/10.1097/00005344-199405000-00007.
- H. Khalil-Ullah, S. Khan, M.S. Nomani and B. Ahmed, Synthesis, Charac-terization and Antimicrobial Activity of Benzodioxane Ring Containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole Derivatives, Arab. J. Chem., 9, S1029 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2011.11.009.
- L. Mallesha and K.N. Mohana, Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Anti-oxidant Activities of 1-(1,4-Benzodioxane-2-carbonyl)piperazine Derivatives, Eur. J. Chem., 2, 193 (2011); https://doi.org/10.5155/eurjchem.2.2.193-199.282.
- B. Ahmed, S.A. Khan and T. Alam, Synthesis and Antihepatotoxic Activity of Some New Chalcones Containing 1,4-Dioxane Ring System, Pak. J. Pharm. Sci., 19, 290 (2006).
- C.B. Chapleo, P.L. Myers, R.C.M. Butler, J.C. Doxey, A.G. Roach and C.F.C. Smith, a-Adrenoreceptor Reagents. 1. Synthesis of Some 1,4-benzodioxans as Selective Presynaptic. a2-Adrenoreceptor Antagonists and Potential Antidepressants, J. Med. Chem., 26, 823 (1983); https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00360a008.
- M.T. Vazquez, G. Rosell and M.D. Pujol, Synthesis and Anti-inflammatory Activity of rac-2-(2,3-Dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin)propionic acid and its R- and S-Enantiomers, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 32, 529 (1997); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0223-5234(97)84016-0.
- I. Ahmed and Shagufta, Sulfones: An Important Class of Organic Compounds with Diverse Biological Activities, Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 7, 19 (2015).
- P.E. Thompson, B. Olszewski and J.A. Waitz, Laboratory Studies on the Repository Antimalarial Activity of 4,4¢-Diacetylaminodiphenyl-sulfone, Alone and Mixed with Cycloguanil Pamoate (CI-501), Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 14, 343 (1965); https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1965.14.343.
- M. Moise, V. Sunel, L. Profire, M. Popa and C. Lionte, Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New (Sulfon-amidophenyl)amide Deri-vatives of N-(4-nitrobenzoyl)-phenylglycine and N-(4-nitrobenzoyl)-phenylalanine, Farmacia, 56, 283 (2008).
- O. Pintilie, V. Sunel, L. Profire and A. Pui, Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New (Sulfon-amidophenyl)amide Derivatives of N-(m-nitrobenzoyl)-D,L-methionine, Rev. Med. Chir. Soc. Med. Nat. Iasi, 111, 773 (2007).
- T.P. Sycheva, I.D. Kiseleva and M.N. Shchukina, Compounds with Potential Antitubercular Activity XI. Synthesis of Some Derivatives of 2-aminobenzoxazole, Chem. Heterocycl. Compd., 2, 144 (1967); https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00480957.
- S.K. Gupta, J. Sci. Ind. Res., 20C, 173 (1961).
- B. Roy and R.K. Das, Cytogenetic Effect of Dapsone, An Antileprotic Drug in the Mouse in vivo System, Int. J. Lepr., 56, 574 (1988).
- O. Prakash, A. Kumar, A. Sadana, R. Prakash, S.P. Singh, R.M. Claramunt, D. Sanz, I. Alkorta and J. Elguero, , Study of the Reaction of Chalcone Analogs of Dehydroacetic acid and o-Aminothiophenol: Synthesis and Structure of 1,5-Benzothiazepines and 1,4-Benzothiazines, Tetrahedron, 61, 6642 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2005.03.035.
- G.L. Khatik, R. Kumar and A.K. Chakraborti, Magnesium Perchlorate as a New and Highly Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepines, Synthesis, 541 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-965892.
- M. Karikomi, M. D’hooghe, G. Verniest and N. De Kimpe, Regio- and Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Novel 3-Sulfonamido-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-Benzothiazepines from 2-(Bromomethyl)- or 2-(Sulfonyloxymethyl)-aziridines , Org. Biomol. Chem., 6, 1902 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1039/b804246m.
- T. Masquelin and D. Obrecht, A Novel Access to 2,4-Substituted Quinolines from Acetylenic Ketones, Tetrahedron, 53, 641 (1997); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(96)01025-3.
- H. Junjappa, H. Ila and C.V. Asokan, a-Oxoketene-S,S-, N,S- and N,N-acetals: Versatile Intermediates in Organic Synthesis, Tetrahedron, 46, 5423 (1990); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)87748-6.
- A.J. Khan, M.Z. Ahmed and M.A. Baseer, Aluminum Nitrate-Catalyzed Multi Component, One-pot Synthesis of 1,5-benzothiazepines under Mild Conditions, Int. J. Chem. Stud., 1, 153 (2013).
- V. Balasubramaniyan, P. Balasubramaniyan and A.S. Shaikh, Reactions of o-Aminothiophenol with a,b-unsaturated Dicarbonyl Systems. Facile Synthesis of Benzothiazines and Benzothiazepines, Tetrahedron, 42, 2731 (1986); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90560-5.
- A. Lavie and J. Jako, Oxazepines and Thiazepines 46. Synthesis of Tetra-cyclic 1,5-Benzothiazepines by the Reaction of a,b,g,d-unsaturated ketones with 2-Aminothiophenol, ARKIVOC, 17, 234 (2008); https://doi.org/10.3998/ark.5550190.0009.h22.
- A.V. Chate, R.S. Joshi, P.G. Mandhane and C.H. Gill, An Improved Procedure for the Synthesis of 1,5-Benzothiazepines using Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (CAN), J. Korean Chem. Soc., 55, 776 (2011); https://doi.org/10.5012/jkcs.2011.55.5.776.
- V.P. Bairwa, P. Jain and B.S. Sharma, Synthesis of Some Active and New E-2-(4-Anisyl)-3-arylidene Chromanone, Indian J. Chem., 54B, 430 (2015).
- A.U. Khan, N. Malik, M. Alam and D.-U. Lee, Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis of Benzothiazepines and Assessment of their in vitro Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Activity, Green Chem. Lett. Rev., 7, 158 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2014.909889.
- L. Wang, P. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Li and Y. Wang, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Novel Series of 1,5-Benzothiazepine Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 44, 2815 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.12.021.
References
J.B. Bariwal, K.D. Upadhyay, A.T. Manvar, J.C. Trivedi, J.S. Singh, K.S. Jain and A.K. Shah, 1,5-Benzothiazepine, A Versatile Pharmacophore: A Review, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 43, 2279 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.05.035.
G. Campiani, S. Butini, C. Fattorusso, F. Trotta, S. Gemma, B. Catalanotti, V. Nacci, I. Fiorini, A. Cagnotto, I. Mereghetti, T. Mennini, P. Minetti, M.A. Di Cesare, M.A. Stasi, S. Di Serio, O. Ghirardi, O. Tinti and P. Carminati, Novel Atypical Antipsychotic Agents: Rational Design, An Efficient Palladium-Catalyzed Route and Pharmacological Studies, J. Med. Chem., 48, 1705 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1021/jm049629t.
K. Bajaj, V.K. Srivastava and A. Kumar, Synthesis and Psychotropic Evaluation of Some New N-substitutedbenzothia/oxazepinylphenothia-zines, Indian J. Chem., 43B, 157 (2004).
S. Mor, P. Pahal and B. Narasimhan, Synthesis, Characterization, Biological Evaluation and QSAR Studies of 11-p-substituted phenyl-12-phenyl-11a,12-dihydro-11H-indeno[2,1-c][1,5]benzothiazepines as Potential Antimicrobial Agents, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 57, 196 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.09.003.
R.K. Saini, Y.C. Joshi and P. Joshi, Solvent-Free Synthesis of Some 1,5-Benzothiazepines and Benzodiazepines and their Antibacterial Activity, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Silicon Rel. Elem., 183, 2181 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1080/10426500701852661.
S. Kimoto, M. Haruna, E. Matsuura, O. Uno, M. Ishii, S. Hirono, K. Yoshimura, M. Ueda and K. Iwaki, Pharmacological Studies on a New Antihypertensive Agent, S-2150, A Benzothiazepine Derivative: 3. Hypotensive and Antimyocardial-Stunning Effects in Dogs, J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 29, 180 (1997); https://doi.org/10.1097/00005344-199702000-00005.
G. Grandolini, L. Perioli and V. Ambrogi, Synthesis of Some New 1,4-Benzothiazine and 1,5-Bnzothiazepine Tricyclic Derivatives with Structural Analogy with TIBO and their Screening for Anti-HIV Activity, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 34, 701 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0223-5234(99)00223-8.
M. Kaburaki, H. Narita, H. Yabana, T. Karasawa, H. Doi and S. Murata, Cardiovascular Effect of a New 1,5-Benzothiazepine Derivative TA-993 in Anesthetized Dogs, J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 31, 240 (1998); https://doi.org/10.1097/00005344-199802000-00009.
R.R. Ben-Harari, M. Stenner and K.M. Sutin, Clinical Potency of Calcium Channel Blockers in Asthma may be Related to their Inhibition of Receptor-Mediated Phasic Responses in vitro, Life Sci., 51, 2049 (1992); https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(92)90155-I.
M. Amblard, I. Daffix, P. Bedos, G. Berge, D. Pruneau, J.L. Paquet, J.M. Luccarini, P. Belichard, P. Dodey and J. Martinez, Design and Synthesis of Potent Bradykinin Agonists Containing a Benzothiazepine Moiety, J. Med. Chem., 42, 4185 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1021/jm9901529.
N. Garg, T. Chandra, A.B. Archana, A.B. Jain and A. Kumar, Synthesis and Evaluation of Some New Substituted Benzothiazepine and Benzoxa-zepine Derivatives as Anticonvulsant Agents, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 45, 1529 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.01.001.
C.K. Dong, S. Urgaonkar, J.F. Cortese, F.-J. Gamo, J.F. Garcia-Bustos, M.J. Lafuente, V. Patel, L. Ross, B.I. Coleman, E.R. Derbyshire, C.B. Clish, A.E. Serrano, M. Cromwell, R.H. Barker Jr., J.D. Dvorin, M.T. Duraisingh, D.F. Wirth, J. Clardy and R. Mazitschek, Identification and Validation of Tetracyclic Benzothiazepines as Plasmodium falciparum Cytochrome bc1 Inhibitors, Chem. Biol., 18, 1602 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.09.016.
K. Satyanarayana and M.N.A. Rao, Synthesis of 3-[4-[2,3-Dihydro-2-(substituted aryl)-1,5-benzothiazepin-4-yl]phenyl]sydnones as Potential Antiinflammatory Agents, Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 55, 230 (1993).
K. Nakayama, Y. Nozawa and Y. Fukuta, Allosteric Interaction of Semotiadil Fumarate, A Novel Benzothiazine, with 1,4-Dihydropyridines, Phenyl-alkylamines, and 1,5-Benzothiazepines at the Ca2+-Channel Antagonist Binding Sites in Canine Skeletal Muscle Membranes, J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 23, 731 (1994); https://doi.org/10.1097/00005344-199405000-00007.
H. Khalil-Ullah, S. Khan, M.S. Nomani and B. Ahmed, Synthesis, Charac-terization and Antimicrobial Activity of Benzodioxane Ring Containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole Derivatives, Arab. J. Chem., 9, S1029 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2011.11.009.
L. Mallesha and K.N. Mohana, Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Anti-oxidant Activities of 1-(1,4-Benzodioxane-2-carbonyl)piperazine Derivatives, Eur. J. Chem., 2, 193 (2011); https://doi.org/10.5155/eurjchem.2.2.193-199.282.
B. Ahmed, S.A. Khan and T. Alam, Synthesis and Antihepatotoxic Activity of Some New Chalcones Containing 1,4-Dioxane Ring System, Pak. J. Pharm. Sci., 19, 290 (2006).
C.B. Chapleo, P.L. Myers, R.C.M. Butler, J.C. Doxey, A.G. Roach and C.F.C. Smith, a-Adrenoreceptor Reagents. 1. Synthesis of Some 1,4-benzodioxans as Selective Presynaptic. a2-Adrenoreceptor Antagonists and Potential Antidepressants, J. Med. Chem., 26, 823 (1983); https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00360a008.
M.T. Vazquez, G. Rosell and M.D. Pujol, Synthesis and Anti-inflammatory Activity of rac-2-(2,3-Dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin)propionic acid and its R- and S-Enantiomers, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 32, 529 (1997); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0223-5234(97)84016-0.
I. Ahmed and Shagufta, Sulfones: An Important Class of Organic Compounds with Diverse Biological Activities, Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 7, 19 (2015).
P.E. Thompson, B. Olszewski and J.A. Waitz, Laboratory Studies on the Repository Antimalarial Activity of 4,4¢-Diacetylaminodiphenyl-sulfone, Alone and Mixed with Cycloguanil Pamoate (CI-501), Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 14, 343 (1965); https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1965.14.343.
M. Moise, V. Sunel, L. Profire, M. Popa and C. Lionte, Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New (Sulfon-amidophenyl)amide Deri-vatives of N-(4-nitrobenzoyl)-phenylglycine and N-(4-nitrobenzoyl)-phenylalanine, Farmacia, 56, 283 (2008).
O. Pintilie, V. Sunel, L. Profire and A. Pui, Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New (Sulfon-amidophenyl)amide Derivatives of N-(m-nitrobenzoyl)-D,L-methionine, Rev. Med. Chir. Soc. Med. Nat. Iasi, 111, 773 (2007).
T.P. Sycheva, I.D. Kiseleva and M.N. Shchukina, Compounds with Potential Antitubercular Activity XI. Synthesis of Some Derivatives of 2-aminobenzoxazole, Chem. Heterocycl. Compd., 2, 144 (1967); https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00480957.
S.K. Gupta, J. Sci. Ind. Res., 20C, 173 (1961).
B. Roy and R.K. Das, Cytogenetic Effect of Dapsone, An Antileprotic Drug in the Mouse in vivo System, Int. J. Lepr., 56, 574 (1988).
O. Prakash, A. Kumar, A. Sadana, R. Prakash, S.P. Singh, R.M. Claramunt, D. Sanz, I. Alkorta and J. Elguero, , Study of the Reaction of Chalcone Analogs of Dehydroacetic acid and o-Aminothiophenol: Synthesis and Structure of 1,5-Benzothiazepines and 1,4-Benzothiazines, Tetrahedron, 61, 6642 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2005.03.035.
G.L. Khatik, R. Kumar and A.K. Chakraborti, Magnesium Perchlorate as a New and Highly Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepines, Synthesis, 541 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-965892.
M. Karikomi, M. D’hooghe, G. Verniest and N. De Kimpe, Regio- and Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Novel 3-Sulfonamido-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-Benzothiazepines from 2-(Bromomethyl)- or 2-(Sulfonyloxymethyl)-aziridines , Org. Biomol. Chem., 6, 1902 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1039/b804246m.
T. Masquelin and D. Obrecht, A Novel Access to 2,4-Substituted Quinolines from Acetylenic Ketones, Tetrahedron, 53, 641 (1997); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(96)01025-3.
H. Junjappa, H. Ila and C.V. Asokan, a-Oxoketene-S,S-, N,S- and N,N-acetals: Versatile Intermediates in Organic Synthesis, Tetrahedron, 46, 5423 (1990); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)87748-6.
A.J. Khan, M.Z. Ahmed and M.A. Baseer, Aluminum Nitrate-Catalyzed Multi Component, One-pot Synthesis of 1,5-benzothiazepines under Mild Conditions, Int. J. Chem. Stud., 1, 153 (2013).
V. Balasubramaniyan, P. Balasubramaniyan and A.S. Shaikh, Reactions of o-Aminothiophenol with a,b-unsaturated Dicarbonyl Systems. Facile Synthesis of Benzothiazines and Benzothiazepines, Tetrahedron, 42, 2731 (1986); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90560-5.
A. Lavie and J. Jako, Oxazepines and Thiazepines 46. Synthesis of Tetra-cyclic 1,5-Benzothiazepines by the Reaction of a,b,g,d-unsaturated ketones with 2-Aminothiophenol, ARKIVOC, 17, 234 (2008); https://doi.org/10.3998/ark.5550190.0009.h22.
A.V. Chate, R.S. Joshi, P.G. Mandhane and C.H. Gill, An Improved Procedure for the Synthesis of 1,5-Benzothiazepines using Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (CAN), J. Korean Chem. Soc., 55, 776 (2011); https://doi.org/10.5012/jkcs.2011.55.5.776.
V.P. Bairwa, P. Jain and B.S. Sharma, Synthesis of Some Active and New E-2-(4-Anisyl)-3-arylidene Chromanone, Indian J. Chem., 54B, 430 (2015).
A.U. Khan, N. Malik, M. Alam and D.-U. Lee, Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis of Benzothiazepines and Assessment of their in vitro Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Activity, Green Chem. Lett. Rev., 7, 158 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2014.909889.
L. Wang, P. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Li and Y. Wang, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Novel Series of 1,5-Benzothiazepine Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 44, 2815 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.12.021.