Main Article Content
Abstract
A series of thiophene conjugated isoxazoles were efficiently synthesized using a recyclable heterogeneous catalyst Amberlyst-15 in good yields. The synthesized new compounds 5(a-j) were characterized by spectral and elemental analysis and screened in vitro for their antimicrobial potencies. Amongst the synthesized series; compounds 5c and 5j having chloro substitution on both thiophene and aromatic ring exhibited excellent inhibition against the tested species.
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References
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- K.A. Kumar, K.M. Lokanatha Rai, K.B. Umesha and K.R. Prasad, Synthesis of 3-Aryl-5N-aryl-4,6-dioxopyrrolo[3,4-d]-7,8-dihydroiso-xazoles via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction, Indian J. Chem., 40B, 269 (2001).
- K.B. Umesha, K.A. Kumar and K.M. Lokanatha Rai, A Novel Synthesis of Isoxazoles via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Nitrile Oxides to Acetyl Acetone, Synth. Commun., 32, 1841 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1081/SCC-120004066
- D.M. Lokeshwari and K.A. Kumar, Synthesis of Isoxazoles via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions: Pharmacological Screening for their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities, Asian J. Chem., 29, 2660 (2017); https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2017.20781
- K.A. Kumar, M. Govindaraju and G.V. Kumar, Synthesis of Isoxazoles via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions and their Antimicrobial Activity, Indian J. Heterocycl. Chem., 20, 183 (2010).
- W. Chen, B. Wang, N. Liu, D. Huang, X. Wang and Y. Hu, Tandem Synthesis of 3-Halo-5-Substituted Isoxazoles from 1-Copper(I) Alkynes and Dihaloformaldoximes, Org. Lett., 16, 6140 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1021/ol503008t
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- T. Gandhi, K. Kadam, A. Gupte, A. Gangopadhyay and R. Sharma, Alkyl Nitrites: Novel Reagents for One-Pot Synthesis of 3,5-Disubstituted Isoxazoles from Aldoximes and Alkynes, Synthesis, 48, 3996 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1561464
- S. Tang, J. He, Y. Sun, L. He and X. She, Efficient and Regioselective One-Pot Synthesis of 3-Substituted and 3,5-Disubstituted Isoxazoles, Org. Lett., 11, 3982 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1021/ol901626n
- E. Kobayashi and H. Togo, Facile One-Pot Transformation of Primary Alcohols into 3-Aryl- and 3-Alkyl-isoxazoles and -pyrazoles, Synthesis, 51, 3723 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1690102
- R. Harigae, K. Moriyama and H. Togo, Preparation of 3,5-Disubstituted Pyrazoles and Isoxazoles from Terminal Alkynes, Aldehydes, Hydrazines and Hydroxylamine, J. Org. Chem., 79, 2049 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1021/jo4027116
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- M.L. Herrmann, R. Schleyerbach and B.J. Kirschbaum, Leflunomide: An Immunomodulatory Drug for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Other Autoimmune Diseases, ImmunoPharmacology, 47, 273 (2000); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0162-3109(00)00191-0
- P.S.V. Satyanarayana, N.K. Jain, S. Singh and S.K. Kulkarni, Effect of Selective Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase-2 on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Hyperalgesia, InflammoPharmacology, 12, 57 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1163/156856004773121374
- K.A. Kumar, K.M. Lokanatha Rai and K.B. Umesha, Synthesis and Evaluation of Antifungal and Antibacterial Activity of Ethyl-3,5-diarylisoxazole-4-carboxylates, J. Chem. Res. (S), 436 (2001); https://doi.org/10.3184/030823401103168389
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- M. Govindaraju, G.V. Kumar and K.A. Kumar, Synthesis and Anti-microbial activity of Novel Isoxazolines by 1, 3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions, Int. J. ChemTech. Res., 6, 886 (2014).
- B.A. Mendelsohn, S. Lee, S. Kim, F. Teyssier, V.S. Aulakh and M.A. Ciufolini, Oxidation of Oximes to Nitrile Oxides with Hypervalent Iodine Reagents, Org. Lett., 11, 1539 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1021/ol900194v
- S.Y. Hae, J.L. Eun, E.L. Jie, P. Woo-Kyu, B. Du-Jong, S.C. Yong, Y. Hun, C. Hyunah and P. Ae Nim, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Isoxazoline and Isoxazole Derivatives as 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C Receptor Ligands, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 30, 1873 (2009); https://doi.org/10.5012/bkcs.2009.30.8.1873
- Rakesh, D. Bruhn, D.B. Madhura, M. Maddox, R.B. Lee, A. Trivedi, L. Yang, M.S. Scherman, J.C. Gilliland, V. Gruppo, M.R. McNeil, A.J. Lenaerts, B. Meibohm and R.E. Lee, Antitubercular Nitrofuran Isoxazolines with Improved Pharmacokinetic Properties, Bioorg. Med. Chem., 20, 6063 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2012.08.023
- R.E. Sammelson, T. Ma, L.J. Galietta, A.S. Verkman and M.J. Kurth, 3-(2-Benzyloxyphenyl)isoxazoles and Isoxazolines: Synthesis and Evaluation as CFTR Activators, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 13, 2509 (2003); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-894X(03)00482-7
- M.G. Prabhudeva, S. Bharath, A.D. Kumar, S. Naveen, N.K. Lokanath, B.N. Mylarappa and K.A. Kumar, Design and Environmentally benign Synthesis of Novel Thiophene Appended Pyrazole Analogues as Anti-inflammatory and Radical Scavenging Agents: Crystallographic, in silico Modeling, Docking and SAR Characterization, Bioorg. Chem., 73, 109 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.06.004
- N. Renuka, H.K. Vivek, G. Pavithra and K.A. Kumar, Synthesis of Coumarin Appended Pyrazolyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles and Pyrazolyl-1,3,4-thiadiazoles: Evaluation of their in vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities and Molecular Docking Studies, Russ. J. Bioorganic Chem., 43, 197 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1134/S106816201702011X
References
C. Praveen, A. Kalyanasundaram and P.T. Perumal, Gold(III)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Isoxazoles by Cycloisomerization of a,b-Acetylenic Oximes, Synlett, 777 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1219342
K.A. Kumar, K.M. Lokanatha Rai, K.B. Umesha and K.R. Prasad, Synthesis of 3-Aryl-5N-aryl-4,6-dioxopyrrolo[3,4-d]-7,8-dihydroiso-xazoles via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction, Indian J. Chem., 40B, 269 (2001).
K.B. Umesha, K.A. Kumar and K.M. Lokanatha Rai, A Novel Synthesis of Isoxazoles via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Nitrile Oxides to Acetyl Acetone, Synth. Commun., 32, 1841 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1081/SCC-120004066
D.M. Lokeshwari and K.A. Kumar, Synthesis of Isoxazoles via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions: Pharmacological Screening for their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities, Asian J. Chem., 29, 2660 (2017); https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2017.20781
K.A. Kumar, M. Govindaraju and G.V. Kumar, Synthesis of Isoxazoles via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions and their Antimicrobial Activity, Indian J. Heterocycl. Chem., 20, 183 (2010).
W. Chen, B. Wang, N. Liu, D. Huang, X. Wang and Y. Hu, Tandem Synthesis of 3-Halo-5-Substituted Isoxazoles from 1-Copper(I) Alkynes and Dihaloformaldoximes, Org. Lett., 16, 6140 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1021/ol503008t
F. Himo, T. Lovell, R. Hilgraf, V.V. Rostovtsev, L. Noodleman, K.B. Sharpless and V.V. Fokin, Copper(I)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Azoles. DFT Study Predicts Unprecedented Reactivity and Intermediates, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127, 210 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0471525
L. Johnson, J. Powers, F. Ma, K. Jendza, B. Wang, E. Meredith and N. Mainolfi, A Reliable Synthesis of 3-Amino-5-Alkyl and 5-Amino-3-Alkyl Isoxazoles, Synthesis, 45, 171 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1317935
T. Gandhi, K. Kadam, A. Gupte, A. Gangopadhyay and R. Sharma, Alkyl Nitrites: Novel Reagents for One-Pot Synthesis of 3,5-Disubstituted Isoxazoles from Aldoximes and Alkynes, Synthesis, 48, 3996 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1561464
S. Tang, J. He, Y. Sun, L. He and X. She, Efficient and Regioselective One-Pot Synthesis of 3-Substituted and 3,5-Disubstituted Isoxazoles, Org. Lett., 11, 3982 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1021/ol901626n
E. Kobayashi and H. Togo, Facile One-Pot Transformation of Primary Alcohols into 3-Aryl- and 3-Alkyl-isoxazoles and -pyrazoles, Synthesis, 51, 3723 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1690102
R. Harigae, K. Moriyama and H. Togo, Preparation of 3,5-Disubstituted Pyrazoles and Isoxazoles from Terminal Alkynes, Aldehydes, Hydrazines and Hydroxylamine, J. Org. Chem., 79, 2049 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1021/jo4027116
P.V. Khairnar, T.-H. Lung, Y.-J. Lin, C.-Y. Wu, S.R. Koppolu, A. Edukondalu, P. Karanam and W. Lin, An Intramolecular Wittig Approach toward Heteroarenes: Synthesis of Pyrazoles, Isoxazoles and Chromenone-oximes, Org. Lett., 21, 4219 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01395
M.L. Herrmann, R. Schleyerbach and B.J. Kirschbaum, Leflunomide: An Immunomodulatory Drug for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Other Autoimmune Diseases, ImmunoPharmacology, 47, 273 (2000); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0162-3109(00)00191-0
P.S.V. Satyanarayana, N.K. Jain, S. Singh and S.K. Kulkarni, Effect of Selective Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase-2 on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Hyperalgesia, InflammoPharmacology, 12, 57 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1163/156856004773121374
K.A. Kumar, K.M. Lokanatha Rai and K.B. Umesha, Synthesis and Evaluation of Antifungal and Antibacterial Activity of Ethyl-3,5-diarylisoxazole-4-carboxylates, J. Chem. Res. (S), 436 (2001); https://doi.org/10.3184/030823401103168389
G.V. Kumar, B.B.A. Khatoon, B.N. Mylarappa and K.A. Kumar, Novel Approach to the Synthesis of New Isoxazole Analogues as Potent Antioxidant Agents, J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 7, 1293 (2015).
M. Govindaraju, G.V. Kumar and K.A. Kumar, Synthesis and Anti-microbial activity of Novel Isoxazolines by 1, 3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions, Int. J. ChemTech. Res., 6, 886 (2014).
B.A. Mendelsohn, S. Lee, S. Kim, F. Teyssier, V.S. Aulakh and M.A. Ciufolini, Oxidation of Oximes to Nitrile Oxides with Hypervalent Iodine Reagents, Org. Lett., 11, 1539 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1021/ol900194v
S.Y. Hae, J.L. Eun, E.L. Jie, P. Woo-Kyu, B. Du-Jong, S.C. Yong, Y. Hun, C. Hyunah and P. Ae Nim, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Isoxazoline and Isoxazole Derivatives as 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C Receptor Ligands, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 30, 1873 (2009); https://doi.org/10.5012/bkcs.2009.30.8.1873
Rakesh, D. Bruhn, D.B. Madhura, M. Maddox, R.B. Lee, A. Trivedi, L. Yang, M.S. Scherman, J.C. Gilliland, V. Gruppo, M.R. McNeil, A.J. Lenaerts, B. Meibohm and R.E. Lee, Antitubercular Nitrofuran Isoxazolines with Improved Pharmacokinetic Properties, Bioorg. Med. Chem., 20, 6063 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2012.08.023
R.E. Sammelson, T. Ma, L.J. Galietta, A.S. Verkman and M.J. Kurth, 3-(2-Benzyloxyphenyl)isoxazoles and Isoxazolines: Synthesis and Evaluation as CFTR Activators, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 13, 2509 (2003); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-894X(03)00482-7
M.G. Prabhudeva, S. Bharath, A.D. Kumar, S. Naveen, N.K. Lokanath, B.N. Mylarappa and K.A. Kumar, Design and Environmentally benign Synthesis of Novel Thiophene Appended Pyrazole Analogues as Anti-inflammatory and Radical Scavenging Agents: Crystallographic, in silico Modeling, Docking and SAR Characterization, Bioorg. Chem., 73, 109 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.06.004
N. Renuka, H.K. Vivek, G. Pavithra and K.A. Kumar, Synthesis of Coumarin Appended Pyrazolyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles and Pyrazolyl-1,3,4-thiadiazoles: Evaluation of their in vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities and Molecular Docking Studies, Russ. J. Bioorganic Chem., 43, 197 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1134/S106816201702011X