Copyright (c) 2019 AJC
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Levels and Distribution of Trace Metals in Surface Soils of Al-Diwaniya, Iraq
Corresponding Author(s) : Faiq F. Karam
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 31 No. 2 (2019): Vol. 31 No. 2
Abstract
In this work, monitoring of monthly variation (from May 2016 to October 2016) in the concentration of the metals (Co, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni and Fe) from Al-Diwaniya city of Iraq. Investigation about the pollution with these metals was achieved from five selected sites locate in study area by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results showed a wide variation in the levels of heavy metals from site to site and from month to month. A total of 180 surface soil samples were analyzed to detecting the pollution with selected samples. The results showed that the highest concentration with Ni was 6.290 mg kg-1 while the lowest concentration detected with Ni was 0.080 mg kg-1. The results of pollution index (enrichment factor, contamination factor, pollution load index and geo-accumulation) of heavy metals (Co, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni) had the following order: Zn > Cd > Ni > Pb > Co.
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J.A. Rodríguez Martín, M.L. Arias and J.M. Grau Corbí, Environ. Pollut., 144, 1001 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.01.045.
H. Kirchmann, G. Börjesson, T. Kätterer and Y. Cohen, Ambio, 46, 143 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0816-3.
G. Suresh, P. Sutharsan, V. Ramasamy and R. Venkatachalapathy, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 84, 117 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.06.027.
D. Hou, J. He, C. Lü, L. Ren, Q. Fan, J. Wang and Z. Xie, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 93, 135 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.03.012.
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A.P. Mucha, M.T.S.D. Vasconcelos and A.A. Bordalo, Environ. Pollut., 121, 169 (2003); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00229-4.
M. Ergin, C. Saydam, O. Basturk, E. Erdem and R. Yoruk, Chem. Geol., 91, 269 (1991); https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(91)90004-B.
B. Rubio, M.A. Nombela and F. Vilas, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 40, 968 (2000); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00039-4.
J. Zhang and C.L. Liu, Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci. J., 54, 1051 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.2001.0879.
K.B. Mmolawa, A.S. Likuku and G.K. Gaboutloeloe, Afr. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 5, 186 (2011); https://doi.org/10.5897/AJEST10.246.
D.L. Tomlinson, J.G. Wilson, C.R. Harris and D.W. Jeffrey, Problems in the Assessment of Heavy Metals Levels in Estuaries and The Formation of Pollution Index, Helgolnder Wissens chaftliche Meeresunt ersuchungen, vol. 33(1-4), pp. 566-575 (1980).
L. Hakanson, Water Res., 14, 975 (1980); https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(80)90143-8.
G.M.S. Abrahim, Ph.D. Thesis, Holocene Sediments of Tamaki Estuary: Haracterisation and Impact of Recent Human Activity on an Urban Estuary in Auckland, New Zealand. University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, p. 36 (2005).
G. Muller, Geol. J., 2, 108 (1969).
G. Muller, Umsch. Wiss. Tech., 79, 778 (1979).
K. Loska, J. Cebula, J. Pelczar, D. Wiechula and J. Kwapulinski, Water Air Soil Pollut., 93, 347 (1997); https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022121615949.
H. Lokeshewari and G.T. Chandrappa, Indian J. Environ. Sci. Eng., 48, 183 (2006).
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B.J. Alloway, Heavy Metals in Soils, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: New York (1990).
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M. Romic and D. Romic, Environ Geol., 43, 795 (2003); https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-002-0694-9.
D.E. Pettry and R.E. Switzer, Arsenic Concentrations in Selected Soils and Parent Materials in Mississippi, Mississippi State University, Mississippi: USA (2000).
M. Sillanpaa and H. Jansson, Status of Cadmium, Lead, Cobalt and Selenium in Soils and Plants of Thirty Countries, FAO Soils Bulletin 65. FAO: Rome (1992).
B. Mohsen and S. Mohsen, Am. Eur. J. Agric. Environ. Sci., 4, 86 (2008).
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