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Vol. 38 No. 1 (2026): Vol 38 Issue 1, 2026

Copyright (c) 2025 Harshit Gouri, Dr Geetika Bhalla, Dr Charu Kumar, Dr Meenu Srivastava , Dr Vinita Narula

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Sustainable Polymer–Nanoparticle Nanocomposites: A Comparative Review of PMMA, PLA, PVA and Chitosan Systems

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2026.35061
Harshit Gouri
Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4507-8989
Geetika Bhalla
Department of Chemistry, Hindu College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5213-0646
Charu Kumar
Department of Chemistry, Hindu College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4525-5506
Meenu Sarbhai Srivastava
Department of Chemistry, Hindu College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1115-486X
Vinita Narula
Department of Chemistry, Hindu College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9171-5398

Corresponding Author(s) : Harshit Gouri

harshitgouri123@gmail.com

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 38 No. 1 (2026): Vol 38 Issue 1, 2026

Abstract

The rising demand for eco-friendly, high-performance materials has accelerated interest in polymer–nanoparticle nanocomposites (PNNCs) as sustainable alternatives to conventional plastics. This review presents an integrated comparison of PNNCs based on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polylactic acid (PLA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan matrices reinforced with inorganic nanoparticles such as TiO2, ZnO, Ag, hydroxyapatite (HA) and Fe3O4. Nanofiller incorporation typically enhances the tensile strength by 20-60%, thermal stability by 10-25ºC and antimicrobial efficiency up to >99% reduction in bacterial load, depending on matrix–nanoparticle compatibility. For example, PLA–HA nanocomposites show up to 40% improvement in modulus and accelerated bioactivity for orthopaedic applications, whereas PMMA–TiO2 composites maintain optical clarity while providing enhanced UV-shielding and scratch resistance. A sustainability framework is applied to compare biodegradability and recyclability, highlighting PLA and chitosan as circular-economy-aligned matrices, while PMMA and PVA require responsible end-of-life strategies. Emphasis is placed on green synthesis routes, nanoparticle leaching behaviour and life-cycle considerations including environmental exposure risks. Challenges such as achieving stable nanoparticles dispersion, tuning interfacial chemistry and minimizing ecotoxicity are critically evaluated. The novelty of this work lies in bridging functional performance with life-cycle sustainability, directly aligning PNNC design principles with relevant UN Sustainable Development Goals.

Keywords

Sustainable nanocomposites Biodegradable polymers Green synthesis Circular economy Chitosan
(1)
Gouri, H.; Bhalla, G.; Kumar, C.; Srivastava, M. S.; Narula, V. Sustainable Polymer–Nanoparticle Nanocomposites: A Comparative Review of PMMA, PLA, PVA and Chitosan Systems. ajc 2025, 38, 1-20.
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