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Vol. 38 No. 1 (2026): Vol 38 Issue 1, 2026

Copyright (c) 2025 Thabo, Conny, Lutendo Macevele

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Application of Chitosan-based Zirconia Hybrid Composite Functionalized with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient Removal of Humic Acid from Water Samples

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2026.34783
J.T. Pilusa
Department of Chemistry, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9250-3478
C.P. Mokgohloa
Department of Chemistry, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7197-6607
L.E. Macevele
Department of Chemistry, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3388-1540

Corresponding Author(s) : L.E. Macevele

lutendo.macevele@ul.ac.za

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 38 No. 1 (2026): Vol 38 Issue 1, 2026

Abstract

Humic acid (HA) is abundant in soil and aquatic systems and can hinder wastewater treatment by affecting the removal of heavy metals and other contaminants. Herein, this study presents chitosan-zirconia (CTS-ZrO2) composites doped with functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) for HA adsorption. The composites were characterized using TGA, BET, EDX, XRD, FTIR and SEM. Batch experiments assessed the effects of pH (2-8), adsorbent dosage (1-5 g L-1), initial HA concentration (10-50 mg L-1), contact time (5-240 min), temperature (25-40 ºC), ionic strength, reusability and binary systems. The CT-ZrO2-f-MWCNTs composite exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity of 32.89 mg g-1 at pH 3, dosage of 2 g L-1, initial HA concentration of 10 mg L-1 and 25 ºC, achieving 99.04% removal within 30 min. The adsorbent remained effective after five cycles and isotherm studies indicated that adsorption followed the Langmuir Type II model, suggesting multilayer adsorption.

Keywords

Chitosan Zirconia MWCNTs Humic acid Adsorption
(1)
Pilusa, J.; Mokgohloa, C.; Macevele, L. Application of Chitosan-Based Zirconia Hybrid Composite Functionalized With Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient Removal of Humic Acid from Water Samples. ajc 2025, 38, 249-264.
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