Comparative Study of Various Green Chemistry Approaches for the Efficient Synthesis of 1,4-Dihydropyridines

Abstract

Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridine and its derivatives are an important class of bioactive molecules in the pharmaceutical field. The work on this project was started with the objective of synthesizing known 1,4-dihydropyridine by various green chemistry methods like microwave, solvent-free, ultrasonication and compared the results with conventional technique using different aldehydes and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds as substituents. The twelve known 1,4-dihydropyridines were synthesized and characterized by their TLC, FT-IR and ¹H NMR, elemental studies. When all the data cross-examined, it was concluded that microwave, ultrasonic and solvent-free methods were efficient and less time consuming with high yield. At the same time conventional method was time consuming but scalable when compared with other methods.