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Synthesis of Zeolite from Waste Fly Ash by Using Different Methods
Corresponding Author(s) : Bably Prasad
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 28 No. 7 (2016): Vol 28 Issue 7
Abstract
Zeolites are microporous and aluminosilicate minerals. Two methods have been evaluated for the synthesis of zeolites using waste fly ash as a raw material. First method consists of a combination of fusion of fly ash with NaOH, then hydrothermal treatment, where the fusion product is mixed with water. Second method comprises, initially a conventional hydrothermal technique in which fly ash is treated with NaOH solution at 90 °C for 6 h, followed by filtration and addition of NaOH-NaAlO2 solution into the residual solution. The white precipitate thus formed is subjected to hydrothermal crystallization. The products formed have been characterized using XRF, XRD, SEM and cation exchange capacity. The zeolite formed by first method was composed of zeolite Na-X, hydroxylsodalite and Na-A and second method as a mixture of zeolite Na-X and NaP1. Zeolite samples exhibited much greater cation exchange capacity than raw fly ash and can be used in different applications.
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- H. Hollar and U. Wirsching, Fortschr. Miner., 63, 21 (1985).
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- K.M. Lee and Y.M. Jo, J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manage., 12, 212 (2010); doi:10.1007/s10163-010-0290-0.
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- Indian Standard: 2720 (Part XXIV), Methods of Test for Soils, Determination of Cation Exchange Capacity, Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi.
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References
D.W. Breck, Zeolite Molecular Sieves, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1974).
H. Hollar and U. Wirsching, Fortschr. Miner., 63, 21 (1985).
H.L. Chang and W.H. Shih, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 39, 4185 (2000); doi:10.1021/ie990860s.
H.L. Chang and W.H. Shih, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 37, 71 (1998); doi:10.1021/ie970362o.
H. Tanaka, Y. Sakai and R. Hino, Mater. Res. Bull., 37, 1873 (2002); doi:10.1016/S0025-5408(02)00861-9.
H. Tanaka, A. Miyagawa, H. Eguchi and R. Hino, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 43, 6090 (2004); doi:10.1021/ie0499308.
K.S. Hui and C.Y.H. Chao, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 88, 145 (2006); doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2005.09.005.
S.S. Rayalu, J.S. Udhoji, K.N. Munshi and M.Z. Hasan, J. Hazard. Mater., 88, 107 (2001); doi:10.1016/S0304-3894(01)00296-5.
N. Shigemoto, S. Shirakami, S. Hirano and H. Hayashi, Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 5, 484 (1992); doi:10.1246/nikkashi.1992.484.
N. Shigemoto, H. Hayashi and K. Miyaura, J. Mater. Sci., 28, 4781 (1993); doi:10.1007/BF00414272.
G.G. Hollman, G. Steenbruggen and M. Janssen-Jurkovicová, Fuel, 78, 1225 (1999); doi:10.1016/S0016-2361(99)00030-7.
C.F. Wang, J.S. Li, L.J. Wang and X.Y. Sun, J. Hazard. Mater., 155, 58 (2008); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.11.028.
K.M. Lee and Y.M. Jo, J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manage., 12, 212 (2010); doi:10.1007/s10163-010-0290-0.
K. Ojha, N.C. Pradhan and A.N. Samanta, Bull. Mater. Sci., 27, 555 (2004); doi:10.1007/BF02707285.
C. Belviso, F. Cavalcante, A. Lettino and S. Fiore, Coal Combust. Gasificat. Prod., 1, 7 (2009); doi:10.4177/CCGP-D-09-00004.1.
M. Inada, Y. Eguchi, N. Enomoto and J. Hojo, Fuel, 84, 299 (2005); doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2004.08.012.
V. Berkgaut and A. Singer, Appl. Clay Sci., 10, 369 (1996); doi:10.1016/0169-1317(95)00033-X.
N. Murayama, H. Yamamoto and J. Shibata, Int. J. Miner. Process., 64, 1 (2002); doi:10.1016/S0301-7516(01)00046-1.
H. Kazemian, Z. Naghdali, T.G. Kashani and F. Farhadi, Adv. Powder Technol., 21, 279 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.apt.2009.12.005.
T. Henmi, Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 33, 517 (1987); doi:10.1080/00380768.1987.10557599.
M. Park and J. Choi, Clay Sci., 9, 219 (1995).
S. Rayalu, S.U. Meshram and M.Z. Hasan, J. Hazard. Mater., 77, 123 (2000); doi:10.1016/S0304-3894(00)00212-0.
C.A. Ríos R, C.D. Williams and C.L. Roberts, Fuel, 88, 1403 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2009.02.012.
Indian Standard: 2720 (Part XXIV), Methods of Test for Soils, Determination of Cation Exchange Capacity, Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi.
APHA, AWWA and WEF, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, edn 18 (1992).
H. Tanaka, H. Eguchi, S. Fujimoto and R. Hino, Fuel, 85, 1329 (2006); doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2005.12.022.
W.N. Majchrzak-Kuceba and W. Nowak, Thermochim. Acta, 437, 67 (2005); doi:10.1016/j.tca.2005.06.003.
A. Molina and C. Poole, Miner. Eng., 17, 167 (2004); doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2003.10.025.
Y. Luna, E. Otal, L.F. Vilches, J. Vale, X. Querol and C.F. Pereira, Waste Manage., 27, 1877 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2006.10.016.
B. Prasad, S. Maity, K. Sangita, A.K. Mahato and R.J.G. Mortimer, Environ. Technol., 33, 37 (2012); doi:10.1080/09593330.2010.548532.
X. Querol, J.C. Umaña, F. Plana, A. Alastuey, A. Lopez-Soler, A. Medinaceli, A. Valero, M.J. Domingo and E. Garcia-Rojo, Fuel, 80, 857 (2001); doi:10.1016/S0016-2361(00)00156-3.