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Vol. 28 No. 7 (2016): Vol 28 Issue 7

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Assessment of Source of Contamination of Heavy Metals and Estimation of Metals Risk in Smokeless Tobacco Products

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2016.19717
Atta-ur-Rehman
Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus, Karachi-75300, Pakistan
Kousar Yasmeen
Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus, Karachi-75300, Pakistan
Shaikh Mohiuddin
Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
Lubna Bashir
Department of Pharmaceutics, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus, Karachi-75300, Pakistan
Shazia Naz
Department of Pharmaceutics, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus, Karachi-75300, Pakistan

Corresponding Author(s) : Kousar Yasmeen

kauseryasmeen@fuuast.edu.pk

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 28 No. 7 (2016): Vol 28 Issue 7

Abstract

The aim of this study is to measure the level of heavy metals As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Se, Co, Fe and Mn in smokeless tobacco products and ingredients used in the preparation of smokeless tobacco products and to determine the source of contamination and the potential risk by calculating the daily intake (DI metals) and target hazard quotients. As, Cr, Se, Fe and Mn found in high concentration while Cu, Ni, Pb and Co observed in low concentration in smokeless tobacco products as compared to the ingredients of smokeless tobacco products. The average daily intake metals were estimated 187.72, 18.23, 255.83, 421.63, 148.14, 146.31, 27.79, 31.83, 911.04 and 6.34 mg/day for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Se, Co, Mn and Fe, respectively. The total target hazard quotients (TTHQ) of six categories of smokeless tobacco products exceeded which indicates the health risk associated with their use.

Keywords

Smokeless tobacco products Heavy metals Target hazard quotients
Atta-ur-Rehman, ., Yasmeen, K., Mohiuddin, S., Bashir, L., & Naz, S. (2016). Assessment of Source of Contamination of Heavy Metals and Estimation of Metals Risk in Smokeless Tobacco Products. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 28(7), 1440–1446. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2016.19717
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