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Optimization Strategy for Isocratic Separation of Halogenated Phenols by Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography with Methanol-Water Mobile Phase
Corresponding Author(s) : A. Hakan Aktas
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 25 No. 15 (2013): Vol 25 Issue 15
Abstract
Halogenated phenols are priority pollutants. Their determination in drinking waters is, therefore, of great importance and many analytical methods have been developed. Chromatographic methods are suitable for the selective determination of individual phenolic compounds. The aim of this study is to develop a method for separating halogenated phenols such as 3-bromophenol, 3-chlorophenol, 4-fluorophenol, 4-chlorophenol and 4-iodophenol in complex matrices that both sensitive and selective. At the application of HPLC technique in the separation of halogenated phenols, the pH, concentration, in the presence of the water and temperature are important factors affecting its stability. The optimum mobile phase for the chromatographic separation was found to be methanol-water (50:50 v/v) with 5 × 10-3 M hexanesulfonic acid, pH of 4.552 and optimum heat 25 ºC.
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- F. Rived, M. Roses and E. Bosch, Anal. Chim. Acta, 374, 309 (1998).
- E.P. Serjeant, Potentiometry and Potentiometric Titrations, Wiley, New York (1984).
- C.F. Poole and S.K. Poole, Chromatography Today, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1991).
- E. Bosch, P. Bou, H. Allerman and M. Roses,Anal. Chem., 68, 3651 (1996).
- M. Roses, H. Canals, H. Allerman, K. Siigur and E. Bosch, Anal. Chem., 68, 4094 (1996).
- E. Bosch, S. Espinoza and M. Roses, J. Chromatogr. A, 824, 137 (1998).
- T. Mussini, A.K. Cavington, P. Longhi and S. Rondinini, Pure Appl. Chem., 57, 169 (1985).
- W. Frenzel, J. Frenzel and J. Moeller, Anal. Chim. Acta, 261, 253 (1992).
- USEPA, Toxic Substance, Control Act, Washington, DC (1979).
- F.P. Bigley and R.L. Grob, J. Chromatogr. A, 350, 407 (1985).
- C.P. Ong, H.K. Lee and S.F.Y. Li, J. Chromatogr. A, 464, 405 (1989).
- J.R.T. Lapasia, M. Roses, E. Bosch and M.C. Garcia, J. Chromatogr. A, 886, 31 (2000).
- C.H. Lochmüller, C. Reese, A.J. Aschman and S.J. Breiner, J. Chromatogr. A, 656, 3 (1993).
- H.K. Lee, S.F.Y. Li and Y.H. Tay, J. Chromatogr. A, 438, 429 (1988).
- B. Makuch, K. Gazda and M. Karninski, Anal. Chim. Acta, 284, 53 (1993).
- N. Masque, R.M. Marce and F. Borrull, J. Chromatogr. A, 793, 257 (1983).
- E. Tesarova and V. Pocakova, Chromatographia, 17, 269 (1983).
- Y.C. Chao and C.W. Whang, J. Chromatogr. A, 663, 229 (1994).
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- M.W.F. Nielen, U.A. Brinkman and R.W. Frei, Anal. Chem., 57, 806 (1985).
- A. Cladera, E. Gomez, J.M. Estela and V. Cerda, Anal. Chim. Acta, 267, 103 (1992).
- B. Lu, M. Koimur and D. Westerlund, Chromatographia, 46, 72 (1997).
- B.P. Johnson, M.G. Khaledi and J.G. Dorsey, Anal. Chem., 58, 2354 (1986).
- J.J. Michels and J.G. Dorsey, J. Chromatogr. A, 457, 85 (1988).
- P.J. Schoenmakers, S.V. Molle, C.M.G. Hayes and L.G.M. Uunk, Anal. Chim. Acta, 283, 320 (1991).
- J. Barbosa, R. Berges and V. Sanz Nebot, J. Chromatogr. A, 719, 27 (1996).
- L. Shelly and S.F. James, J. Chromatogr. A, 964, 91 (2002).
- C. Reichardt, Chem. Rev., 94, 2319 (1994).
- Y. Hanada, I. Imaizumi, K. Kido, T. Tanizaki, M. Koga, H. Shiraishi and M. Soma, Anal. Sci., 15, 655 (2002)
References
F. Rived, M. Roses and E. Bosch, Anal. Chim. Acta, 374, 309 (1998).
E.P. Serjeant, Potentiometry and Potentiometric Titrations, Wiley, New York (1984).
C.F. Poole and S.K. Poole, Chromatography Today, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1991).
E. Bosch, P. Bou, H. Allerman and M. Roses,Anal. Chem., 68, 3651 (1996).
M. Roses, H. Canals, H. Allerman, K. Siigur and E. Bosch, Anal. Chem., 68, 4094 (1996).
E. Bosch, S. Espinoza and M. Roses, J. Chromatogr. A, 824, 137 (1998).
T. Mussini, A.K. Cavington, P. Longhi and S. Rondinini, Pure Appl. Chem., 57, 169 (1985).
W. Frenzel, J. Frenzel and J. Moeller, Anal. Chim. Acta, 261, 253 (1992).
USEPA, Toxic Substance, Control Act, Washington, DC (1979).
F.P. Bigley and R.L. Grob, J. Chromatogr. A, 350, 407 (1985).
C.P. Ong, H.K. Lee and S.F.Y. Li, J. Chromatogr. A, 464, 405 (1989).
J.R.T. Lapasia, M. Roses, E. Bosch and M.C. Garcia, J. Chromatogr. A, 886, 31 (2000).
C.H. Lochmüller, C. Reese, A.J. Aschman and S.J. Breiner, J. Chromatogr. A, 656, 3 (1993).
H.K. Lee, S.F.Y. Li and Y.H. Tay, J. Chromatogr. A, 438, 429 (1988).
B. Makuch, K. Gazda and M. Karninski, Anal. Chim. Acta, 284, 53 (1993).
N. Masque, R.M. Marce and F. Borrull, J. Chromatogr. A, 793, 257 (1983).
E. Tesarova and V. Pocakova, Chromatographia, 17, 269 (1983).
Y.C. Chao and C.W. Whang, J. Chromatogr. A, 663, 229 (1994).
C.D. Gaitonde and P.V. Pathak, J. Chromatogr. A, 514, 389 (1990).
C. Baiocchi, M.A. Roggero, D. Giacosa and E. Marenga, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 33, 338 (1995).
B. Gawdzik, J. Gawdzik and U. Czwerwinska, J. Chromatogr. A, 509, 135 (1990).
I. Cruz and D.E. Wells, J. Anal. Chem., 48, 101 (1992).
M.W.F. Nielen, U.A. Brinkman and R.W. Frei, Anal. Chem., 57, 806 (1985).
A. Cladera, E. Gomez, J.M. Estela and V. Cerda, Anal. Chim. Acta, 267, 103 (1992).
B. Lu, M. Koimur and D. Westerlund, Chromatographia, 46, 72 (1997).
B.P. Johnson, M.G. Khaledi and J.G. Dorsey, Anal. Chem., 58, 2354 (1986).
J.J. Michels and J.G. Dorsey, J. Chromatogr. A, 457, 85 (1988).
P.J. Schoenmakers, S.V. Molle, C.M.G. Hayes and L.G.M. Uunk, Anal. Chim. Acta, 283, 320 (1991).
J. Barbosa, R. Berges and V. Sanz Nebot, J. Chromatogr. A, 719, 27 (1996).
L. Shelly and S.F. James, J. Chromatogr. A, 964, 91 (2002).
C. Reichardt, Chem. Rev., 94, 2319 (1994).
Y. Hanada, I. Imaizumi, K. Kido, T. Tanizaki, M. Koga, H. Shiraishi and M. Soma, Anal. Sci., 15, 655 (2002)