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Preparation and Characterization of Acrylic Acid-Ca-Montmorillonite and Its Application for Preparation of Poly(vinyl acetate)/Montmorillonite Nanocomposite Emulsion by in situ Emulsion Polymerization
Corresponding Author(s) : Z.Y. Liu
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 25 No. 11 (2013): Vol 25 Issue 11
Abstract
The materials of acrylic acid-Ca-montmorillonite were synthesized by dehydration reaction between the ethanol/cyclohexane mixed solvent of the reactants of acrylic acid and the cyclohexane solution of alkaline calcium base montmorillonite (acid-activated montmorillonite, calcium oxide and deionized water). The hybrids were characterized by fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), wide angle X-ray powder diffraction (WXRD), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. FT-IR analysis showed carboxyl group (-COOH) of acrylic acid reacted with hydroxyl group (-OH) of Ca-montmorillonite. WXRD analysis showed that acrylic acid intercalated the montmorillonite and the basal spacing increased from 1.39 nm of acid-activated montmorillonite to 1.6 nm of acrylic acid-Ca-montmorillonite. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the thermal stability of organo-montmorillonite enhanced. Influences of synthetic parameters in the experiment were studied in detail. According to single factor analysis of synthetic parameters, the optimum preparation conditions was 5 g Ca-montmorillonite, 5 g acrylic acid, 50 mL hexamethylene as dispersing agent, 60 mL ethanol/hexamethylene solution (8:52, volume ratio), reaction time 3 h, stirring rate 150 r/min. The poly(vinyl acetate)/montmorillonite nanocomposite emulsion was prepared by in site intercalative emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate in the presence of organo-montmorillonite. The wide angle X-ray powder diffraction results demonstrated that the montmorillonite was exfoliated during polymerization. The bonding power of the nanocomposite emulsion of containing 3 % organo-montmorillonite was the best one.
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References
C.H. Lee, A.T. Chien, M.H. Yen and K.F. Lin, J. Polym. Res., 15, 331 (2008).
A. Salem and L. Karimiz, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 26, 980 (2009).
R.R. Tiwari, K.C. Khilar and U. Natarajan, Appl. Clay Sci., 3, 203 (2008).
H.A. Patel, R.S. Somani, H.C. Bajaj and R.V. Jasra, Bull. Mater. Sci., 29, 133 (2006).
D.R. Paul and L.M. Robeson, Polymer, 49, 3187 (2008).
R. Krishnamoorti, R.A. Vaia and E.P. Giannelis, Chem. Mater., 8, 1728 (1996).
Y.S. Choi, K.H. Wang, M.Z. Xu and I.J. Chung, Chem. Mater., 14, 2936 (2002).
J.P. Zheng, J.X. Wang, S. Gao, and K.D. Yao, J. Mater. Sci., 40, 4687 (2005).
O. Yilmaz, C.N. Cheaburu, D. Durraccio, G. Gulumser and C. Vasile, Appl. Clay Sci., 49, 288 (2010).
S.S. Ray and M. Okamoto, Prog. Polym. Sci., 28, 1539 (2003).
M.Z. Xu, Y.S. Choi, Y.K. Kim, K.H. Wang and I.J. Chung, Polymer, 44, 6387 (2003).
P. Èapková, M. Pospíšil, J. M. Brendlé, M. Trchová1, Z. Weiss and R.L. Dred, J. Mol. Model, 6, 600 (2000).
A. Akelah and A. Moet, J. Mater. Sci., 31, 3589 (1996).
Z. Sedláková, J. Pleštil, J. Baldrian, M. Šlouf and P. Holub, Polym. Bull., 63, 365 (2009).
T.Y. Wei, Z.F. Tong and X. Wu, Chinese Patent, 200,510,101,332 (2005).
T.Y. Wei, Z.F. Tong, Q. Li, H.H. Fu, C.X. Gao and C.D. Huang, Chinese Patent, 200,710,027,154 (2007).
C.X. Gao, T.Y. Wei, D.Q. Li and Z.F. Tong, J. Beijing Univ. Cham. Technol. (Nat. Sci.), 36, 68 (2009).
H.J. Li, C.D. Huang, T.Y. Wei and Z.F. Tong, Liquor-Making Sci. Technol., 176, 17 (2009).
Z.W Sun, S.H. Xu, G.L. Dai, Y.M. Li, L.R. Lou and Q.S. Liu, J. Chem. Phys., 22, 2399 (2003).