Copyright (c) 2013 AJC
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Response Surface Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Oil-Conjugated Reaction Using Solid Nickel Catalyst
Corresponding Author(s) : Yang Ri-Fu
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 25 No. 11 (2013): Vol 25 Issue 11
Abstract
The effect of ultrasonic irradiation on oil-conjugated reaction using solid catalyst has been investigated. Through single factor tests and response surface methodology (RSM), batch processes assisted with 20 kHz ultrasound were performed to study the impacts of ultrasonic power, temperature, catalyst loading and reaction time on the content of conjugated linoleic acid. The multivariate analysis results indicated that the optimum reaction conditions were ultrasonic power of 240 W, temperature of 180 ºC, catalyst loading of 8 wt. % and reaction time of 1 h, at which the highest product yield of 4.644 mg/mL was achieved. Reaction time was found to exert the most significant weight on the variability of the conjugated linoleic acid concentration, followed by system temperature. In the present research, the resultant content under ultrasonic cavitation realized an adequate raise, compared with the conventional magnetic stirring reactor.
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- H.G. Park, W. Heo, S.B. Kim, H.S. Kim, G.S. Bae, S.H. Chung, H.-C. Seo and Y.J. Kim, J. Agric. Food Chem., 59, 984 (2011).
- L.S. Meraz-Torres and H. Hernandez-Sanchez, Am. J. Food Technol., 7, 176 (2012).
- R.R. Yettella, B. Henbest and A. Proctor, J. Agric. Food Chem., 59, 7377 (2011).
- S.S. Saha, M. Patra and M. Ghosh, LWT-Food Sci. Technol., 46, 10 (2012).
- H. Uehara, T. Suganuma, S. Negishi, Y. Uda, Y. Furukawa, S. Ueno and K. Sato, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 85, 29 (2008).
- N. Chorfa, S. Hamoudi and K. Belkacemi, Appl. Catal. A, 387, 75 (2010).
- A.A. Hennessy, E. Barrett, R.P. Ross, G.F. Fitzgerald, R. Devery and C. Stanton, Lipids, 47, 313 (2012).
- S.H. Chung, I.H. Kim, H.G. Park, H.S. Kang, C.S. Yoon, H.Y. Jeong, N.T. Choi, E.G. Kwon and Y.J. Kim, J. Agric. Food Chem., 56, 3311 (2008).
- H.D. Hanh, N.T. Dong, K. Okitsu, Y. Maeda and R. Nishimura, J. Pet. Inst. (Japan), 50, 195 (2007).
- X. Deng, Z. Fang, Y.-H. Liu and C.-L. Yu, Energy, 36, 777 (2011).
- J.M. Dias, M.C.M. Alvim-Ferraz, M.F. Almeida, J.D. Mendez-Diaz, M.S. Polo and J.R. Utrilla, Fuel, 94, 418 (2012).
- I. Worapun, K. Pianthong and P. Thaiyasuit, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 87, 189 (2012).
- F.F.P. Santos, S. Rodrigues and F.A.N. Fernandes, Fuel Process. Technol., 90, 312 (2009).
- F.F.P. Santos, L.J.B.L. Matos, S. Rodrigues, F.A.N. Fernandes, Energy Fuels, 23, 4116 (2009).
- J.P.D.S. Fernandes, B.S. Carvalho, C.V. Luchez, M.J. Politi and C.A. Brandt, Ultrason. Sonochem., 18, 489 (2011).
- D. Kumar, G. Kumar, Poonam and C.P. Singh, Ultrason. Sonochem., 17, 839 (2010).
- H. Mootabadi, B. Salamatinia, S. Bhatia and A.Z. Abdullah, Fuel, 89, 1818 (2010).
- X. Fan, X. Wang and F. Chen, Open Fuels Energy Sci. J., 4, 1 (2011).
- B. Salamatinia, H. Mootabadi, S. Bhatia and A.Z. Abdullah, Fuel Process. Technol., 91, 441 (2010).
- W. Chen, W.-P. Wang, H.-S. Zhang and Q. Huang, Carbohydr. Polym., 87, 614 (2012).
- H.V. Lee, R. Yunus, J.C. Juan and Y.H. Taufiq-Yap, Fuel Process. Technol., 92, 2420 (2011).
- A. Canals and M. Del Remedio Hernandez, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 374, 1132 (2002).
- T.J. Mason and J.P. Lorimer, Applied Sonochemistry, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; pp. 25-74 (2003).
References
H.G. Park, W. Heo, S.B. Kim, H.S. Kim, G.S. Bae, S.H. Chung, H.-C. Seo and Y.J. Kim, J. Agric. Food Chem., 59, 984 (2011).
L.S. Meraz-Torres and H. Hernandez-Sanchez, Am. J. Food Technol., 7, 176 (2012).
R.R. Yettella, B. Henbest and A. Proctor, J. Agric. Food Chem., 59, 7377 (2011).
S.S. Saha, M. Patra and M. Ghosh, LWT-Food Sci. Technol., 46, 10 (2012).
H. Uehara, T. Suganuma, S. Negishi, Y. Uda, Y. Furukawa, S. Ueno and K. Sato, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 85, 29 (2008).
N. Chorfa, S. Hamoudi and K. Belkacemi, Appl. Catal. A, 387, 75 (2010).
A.A. Hennessy, E. Barrett, R.P. Ross, G.F. Fitzgerald, R. Devery and C. Stanton, Lipids, 47, 313 (2012).
S.H. Chung, I.H. Kim, H.G. Park, H.S. Kang, C.S. Yoon, H.Y. Jeong, N.T. Choi, E.G. Kwon and Y.J. Kim, J. Agric. Food Chem., 56, 3311 (2008).
H.D. Hanh, N.T. Dong, K. Okitsu, Y. Maeda and R. Nishimura, J. Pet. Inst. (Japan), 50, 195 (2007).
X. Deng, Z. Fang, Y.-H. Liu and C.-L. Yu, Energy, 36, 777 (2011).
J.M. Dias, M.C.M. Alvim-Ferraz, M.F. Almeida, J.D. Mendez-Diaz, M.S. Polo and J.R. Utrilla, Fuel, 94, 418 (2012).
I. Worapun, K. Pianthong and P. Thaiyasuit, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 87, 189 (2012).
F.F.P. Santos, S. Rodrigues and F.A.N. Fernandes, Fuel Process. Technol., 90, 312 (2009).
F.F.P. Santos, L.J.B.L. Matos, S. Rodrigues, F.A.N. Fernandes, Energy Fuels, 23, 4116 (2009).
J.P.D.S. Fernandes, B.S. Carvalho, C.V. Luchez, M.J. Politi and C.A. Brandt, Ultrason. Sonochem., 18, 489 (2011).
D. Kumar, G. Kumar, Poonam and C.P. Singh, Ultrason. Sonochem., 17, 839 (2010).
H. Mootabadi, B. Salamatinia, S. Bhatia and A.Z. Abdullah, Fuel, 89, 1818 (2010).
X. Fan, X. Wang and F. Chen, Open Fuels Energy Sci. J., 4, 1 (2011).
B. Salamatinia, H. Mootabadi, S. Bhatia and A.Z. Abdullah, Fuel Process. Technol., 91, 441 (2010).
W. Chen, W.-P. Wang, H.-S. Zhang and Q. Huang, Carbohydr. Polym., 87, 614 (2012).
H.V. Lee, R. Yunus, J.C. Juan and Y.H. Taufiq-Yap, Fuel Process. Technol., 92, 2420 (2011).
A. Canals and M. Del Remedio Hernandez, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 374, 1132 (2002).
T.J. Mason and J.P. Lorimer, Applied Sonochemistry, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; pp. 25-74 (2003).