Copyright (c) 2013 AJC
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Investigation of Cd(II) Concentrations in Mother's Milk of Varamin Region of Iran
Corresponding Author(s) : Sima Nazarpour
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 25 No. 10 (2013): Vol 25 Issue 10
Abstract
Children's nourishment has the most priority in every plan that follows children's health care; also, milk contamination with various toxic elements can have unfavourable effects on children's health. This study was accomplished to determine the amount of cadmium in women's breast milk in Varamin region of Iran. In this study, the relationship between different factors with the amount of cadmium was assessed. In this research, the amount of cadmium in the breast milk of 100 mothers visiting the selected clinics in Varamin was reviewed 4 to 8 weeks after delivery. Cadmium and chromium concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. According to our findings, the average cadmium in breast milk was equal to 5± 6.9 mg/mL. The amount of cadmium was more in the breast milk of mothers living nearer to a factory or an industrial center. The present study indicated the relation of some factors with the amounts of elements evaluated. The cadmium levels of breast milk in this study were higher than the reported work.
Keywords
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- R.M. Tripathi, R. Raghunath, V.N. Sastry and T.M. Krishnamoorthy, Sci. Total Environ., 227, 229 (1999).
- M. Ursinyova and V. Masanova Cadmium, Food Addit. Contam., 22, 579 (2005).
- O. Wappelhorst, I. Kühn, H. Heidenreich and B. Markert, Nutrition, 18, 316 (2002).
- N. Koizumi, K. Murata, C. Hayashi, H. Nishio and J. Goji, Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 121, 205 (2008).
- C. Gundacker, B. Pietschnig, K.J. Wittmann, A. Lischka, H. Salzer, L. Hohenauer and E. Schuster, Pediatrics, 110, 873 (2002).
- A. Abballe, T.J. Ballard, E. Dellatte, A. Domenico, F. Ferri,A.R. Fulgenzi, G. Grisanti, N. Iacovella, A.M. Ingelido, R. Malisch, R. Miniero, M.G. Porpora, S. Risica, G. Ziemacki and E.D. Felip, Chemosphere, 73, S220 (2008).
- T. Prohaska, G. KoÈllensperger, M. Krachler, K. De Winne, G. Stingedera and L. Moens, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 15, 335 (2000).
- S. Birghila, S. Dobrinas, G. Stanciu and A. Soceanu, Environ. Eng. Manage. J., 7, 805 (2008).
- C.A. Burtis, E.R. Ashwood and D.E. Bruns, Tietz Text Book of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, edn. 40, Chapter 35 (2006).
- WHO. Environmental Health Criteria, Inorganic Lead, Organic Lead, Geneva, p. 165 (1995).
- M. Patriarca, A. Menditto, B. Rossi and T.D.B. Lyon, Microchem. J., 67, 351 (2000).
- W. Wertz, Health Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Fnfant Formula and Junior Food. Berlin; E. Schmidt and A. Hildebrand, Springer, 47 (1983).
- M. Krachler, F. Shi Li, E. Rossipal and K.J. Irgolic, J. Trace. Elem. Med. Biol., 12, 159 (1998).
- M. Krachler, E. Rossipal and D. Micetic-Turk, Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 53, 486 (1999).
- F.G. Cunningham, K.J. Leveno, S.L. Bloom, J.C. Hauth, D.J. Rouse and C.Y. Spong, Williams Obstetrics: 23rd Edition. McGraw-Hill (2010).
- E. Rahimi, M. Hashemi and Z.T. Baghbadorani, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 6, 671 (2009).
- M. Kippler, B. Lönnerdal, W. Goessler, E.C. Ekström, Sh. E. Arifeen, and M. Vahter, Toxicology, 257, 64 (2009).
- I. Al-saleh, N. Shinwari and A. Mashhour, Biol. Trace Element Res., 96, 21 (2003).
- M. Leotsinidis,A. Alexopoulos and E. Kostopoulou-Farri, Chemosphere, 61, 238 (2005).
- A. Frkovic, M. Kras and A. Alebic-Juretic, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 58, 16 (1997).
- T. Florea, S. Orban Huszti and M. Costin, Heavy Metal Contaminats in Milk and Cheese. The Annals of the University Dunarea de Jos of Galti; Fascicle VI- Food Tecnology, pp. 26-32 (2006).
- E. Kondyli, M.C. Katsiari and L.P. Voutsinas, Food Chem., 100, 226 (2007).
- P. Phol and B. Prusisz, Talanta, 71, 715 (2007).
- Y.W. Park, Small Ruminant Res., 37, 115 (2000).
- C.S. Kina and V.A. Maihana, Food Chem., 100, 390 (2007).
- A. Nogueira Rita de Araujo, F. Mockiuti, G. Batista de Souza and O. Primavesi, Anal. Sci., 14, 559 (1998).
- H.J. Sternowsky and R. Wessolowski and R. Lead, Arch. Toxicol., 57, 41 (1985).
- R. Honda, K. Tawara, M. Nishijo, H. Nakagawa, K. Tanebe and S. Saito, Toxicology, 186, 255 (2003).
- A. Rydzewska and I. Krol, Ginekol. Pol., 67, 125 (1996).
- R. Sikorski, T. Paszkowski, Jr. T. Radomanski and J. Szkoda, Gynecol. Obster. Inves., 27, 91 (1989).
- I.P. Hallen, L. Jorhem, B.J. Lagerkvist and A. Oskarson, Sci. Total Environ., 166, 149 (1995).
- S. Turan, S. Saygi, Z. Kiliç and A. Orhan, J. Trop. Pediatrics, 47, 81 (2001).
- B. Younes, A.A. Al-Meshari, A. Al-Hakeem, S. Al-Saleh, F. Al-Zamel, F. Al-Shammari and A. Alwarthan, Ann. Saudi Med., 15, 249 (1995).
- G. Drasch, S. Aigner, G. Roider, F. Staiger and G. Lipowsky, J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol., 12, 23 (1998).
- B. Radisch, W. Luck and H. Nau, Toxicol. Lett., 36, 147 (1987).
- G.R. Eynon, J.M. McKenzie-Parnell and M.F. Robinson, Proc. Univ. Otego Med. School, 63, 38 (1985).
- M. Nishijo, S. Satarug, R. Honda, I. Tsuritani and K. Aoshima, Mol. Cell Biochem., 255, 87 (2004).
References
R.M. Tripathi, R. Raghunath, V.N. Sastry and T.M. Krishnamoorthy, Sci. Total Environ., 227, 229 (1999).
M. Ursinyova and V. Masanova Cadmium, Food Addit. Contam., 22, 579 (2005).
O. Wappelhorst, I. Kühn, H. Heidenreich and B. Markert, Nutrition, 18, 316 (2002).
N. Koizumi, K. Murata, C. Hayashi, H. Nishio and J. Goji, Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 121, 205 (2008).
C. Gundacker, B. Pietschnig, K.J. Wittmann, A. Lischka, H. Salzer, L. Hohenauer and E. Schuster, Pediatrics, 110, 873 (2002).
A. Abballe, T.J. Ballard, E. Dellatte, A. Domenico, F. Ferri,A.R. Fulgenzi, G. Grisanti, N. Iacovella, A.M. Ingelido, R. Malisch, R. Miniero, M.G. Porpora, S. Risica, G. Ziemacki and E.D. Felip, Chemosphere, 73, S220 (2008).
T. Prohaska, G. KoÈllensperger, M. Krachler, K. De Winne, G. Stingedera and L. Moens, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 15, 335 (2000).
S. Birghila, S. Dobrinas, G. Stanciu and A. Soceanu, Environ. Eng. Manage. J., 7, 805 (2008).
C.A. Burtis, E.R. Ashwood and D.E. Bruns, Tietz Text Book of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, edn. 40, Chapter 35 (2006).
WHO. Environmental Health Criteria, Inorganic Lead, Organic Lead, Geneva, p. 165 (1995).
M. Patriarca, A. Menditto, B. Rossi and T.D.B. Lyon, Microchem. J., 67, 351 (2000).
W. Wertz, Health Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Fnfant Formula and Junior Food. Berlin; E. Schmidt and A. Hildebrand, Springer, 47 (1983).
M. Krachler, F. Shi Li, E. Rossipal and K.J. Irgolic, J. Trace. Elem. Med. Biol., 12, 159 (1998).
M. Krachler, E. Rossipal and D. Micetic-Turk, Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 53, 486 (1999).
F.G. Cunningham, K.J. Leveno, S.L. Bloom, J.C. Hauth, D.J. Rouse and C.Y. Spong, Williams Obstetrics: 23rd Edition. McGraw-Hill (2010).
E. Rahimi, M. Hashemi and Z.T. Baghbadorani, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 6, 671 (2009).
M. Kippler, B. Lönnerdal, W. Goessler, E.C. Ekström, Sh. E. Arifeen, and M. Vahter, Toxicology, 257, 64 (2009).
I. Al-saleh, N. Shinwari and A. Mashhour, Biol. Trace Element Res., 96, 21 (2003).
M. Leotsinidis,A. Alexopoulos and E. Kostopoulou-Farri, Chemosphere, 61, 238 (2005).
A. Frkovic, M. Kras and A. Alebic-Juretic, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 58, 16 (1997).
T. Florea, S. Orban Huszti and M. Costin, Heavy Metal Contaminats in Milk and Cheese. The Annals of the University Dunarea de Jos of Galti; Fascicle VI- Food Tecnology, pp. 26-32 (2006).
E. Kondyli, M.C. Katsiari and L.P. Voutsinas, Food Chem., 100, 226 (2007).
P. Phol and B. Prusisz, Talanta, 71, 715 (2007).
Y.W. Park, Small Ruminant Res., 37, 115 (2000).
C.S. Kina and V.A. Maihana, Food Chem., 100, 390 (2007).
A. Nogueira Rita de Araujo, F. Mockiuti, G. Batista de Souza and O. Primavesi, Anal. Sci., 14, 559 (1998).
H.J. Sternowsky and R. Wessolowski and R. Lead, Arch. Toxicol., 57, 41 (1985).
R. Honda, K. Tawara, M. Nishijo, H. Nakagawa, K. Tanebe and S. Saito, Toxicology, 186, 255 (2003).
A. Rydzewska and I. Krol, Ginekol. Pol., 67, 125 (1996).
R. Sikorski, T. Paszkowski, Jr. T. Radomanski and J. Szkoda, Gynecol. Obster. Inves., 27, 91 (1989).
I.P. Hallen, L. Jorhem, B.J. Lagerkvist and A. Oskarson, Sci. Total Environ., 166, 149 (1995).
S. Turan, S. Saygi, Z. Kiliç and A. Orhan, J. Trop. Pediatrics, 47, 81 (2001).
B. Younes, A.A. Al-Meshari, A. Al-Hakeem, S. Al-Saleh, F. Al-Zamel, F. Al-Shammari and A. Alwarthan, Ann. Saudi Med., 15, 249 (1995).
G. Drasch, S. Aigner, G. Roider, F. Staiger and G. Lipowsky, J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol., 12, 23 (1998).
B. Radisch, W. Luck and H. Nau, Toxicol. Lett., 36, 147 (1987).
G.R. Eynon, J.M. McKenzie-Parnell and M.F. Robinson, Proc. Univ. Otego Med. School, 63, 38 (1985).
M. Nishijo, S. Satarug, R. Honda, I. Tsuritani and K. Aoshima, Mol. Cell Biochem., 255, 87 (2004).