Copyright (c) 2013 AJC
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Chemical Analysis, Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Studies by Snapdragon: A Medicinal Plant
Corresponding Author(s) : Muhammad Riaz
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 25 No. 10 (2013): Vol 25 Issue 10
Abstract
In this work, we evaluated the antimicrobial, cytotoxicity properties of the snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) extract and fractions. The cytotoxicity, studied by haemolytic activity against human blood erythrocytes assays, indicated a low cytotoxic effect on the absolute methanol extract and its fractions from plant. Chemical analysis of whole plant was also carried out. For chemical analysis HP-LC analysis was carried out to determine the presence of phenolics. The GC-MS analysis was also carried out to determine the presence of some phytoconstituents in n-hexane extract (extracted by soxhlet). The results of present study revealed that snapdragon plant might be considered as a good source of natural antimicrobial.
Keywords
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- M.A. Hanif, A.Y. Al-Maskri, Z.M.H. Al-Mahruqi, J.N. Al-Sabahi, A. Al-Azkawi and M.Y. Al-Maskari, Nat. Prod. Commun., 6, 1451 (2011).
- B. Mahesh and S. Satish, World J. Agric. Sci., 4, 839 (2008).
- Sobia, M. Zubair, N. Rasool, F. Anjum, M. Iqbal, M. Mushtaq and M. Shahid, J. Med. Plants Res., 7, 243 (2013).
- S.A.R. Naqvi, M.M. Ishfaq, Z.A. Khan, S.A. Nagra, I.H. Bukhari, A.I. Hussain, N. Mahmood, S.A. Shahzad, A. Haque and T.H. Bokhari, Turk. J. Chem., 36, 267 (2012).
- D.W. Reische, D.A. Lillard and R.R. Eitenmiller, Antioxidants in food lipids, Marcel Dekker, New York, USA, edn. 1, pp. 423-448 (1998).
- CLSI, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA, USA, edn. 18, pp. 1-50 (2008).
- W.A. Powell, C.M. Catranis and C.A. Maynard, Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 31, 163 (2000).
- P. Sharma and J.D. Sharma, J. Ethnopharmacol., 74, 239 (2001).
- E. Nazifi,A. Delazar, A. Movafeghi, Hemmati, H. Nazemiyeh, L. Nahar and S.D. Sarker, Record Nat. Prod., 2, 94 (2008).
- A.T. Orishadipe, J.I. Okogun and E. Mishelia, Afr. J. Pure and App. Chem., 4, 131 (2010).
- R.P. Adams, Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy, Allured Publishing Corporation, Carol Stream IL, United States of America, edn. 3, pp. 1-804 (2001).
- F. Aslam, N. Rasool, M. Riaz, M. Zubair, K. Rizwan, M. Abbas, T.H. Bukhari and I.H. Bukhari, Int. J. Phytomed., 3, 567 (2011).
- S. Demiray, M.E. Pintado and P.M.L. Castro, World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol., 54, 312 (2009).
- A.A. Hamid and O.O. Aiyelaagbe, Int. J. Chem. Biochem. Sci., 1, 99 (2012).
- M. Riaz, N. Rasool, I. Bukhari, M. Shahid, F. Zahoor, M. Gilani and M. Zubair, Afr. J. Microbiol. Res., 6, 5700 (2012).
- A. Verastegui, J. Verde, S. Garcia, N. Heredia,A. Oranday and C. Rivas, World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 24, 1249 (2008).
- M. Riaz, N. Rasool, I.H. Bukhari, M. Shahid, M. Zubair, K. Rizwan and U. Rashid, Molecules, 17, 14275 (2012).
- X.C. Weng and M.H. Gordon, J. Agric. Food Chem., 40, 1331 (2000).
- M.T. Baratta, H.J.D. Dorman, S.G. Deans, D.M. Biondi and G. Ruberto, J. Essent. Oil Res., 10, 618 (1998).
- A. Giweli,A.M. Dzamic, M. Sokovic, M.S. Ristic and P.D. Marin, Molecules, 17, 4836 (2012).
References
M.A. Hanif, A.Y. Al-Maskri, Z.M.H. Al-Mahruqi, J.N. Al-Sabahi, A. Al-Azkawi and M.Y. Al-Maskari, Nat. Prod. Commun., 6, 1451 (2011).
B. Mahesh and S. Satish, World J. Agric. Sci., 4, 839 (2008).
Sobia, M. Zubair, N. Rasool, F. Anjum, M. Iqbal, M. Mushtaq and M. Shahid, J. Med. Plants Res., 7, 243 (2013).
S.A.R. Naqvi, M.M. Ishfaq, Z.A. Khan, S.A. Nagra, I.H. Bukhari, A.I. Hussain, N. Mahmood, S.A. Shahzad, A. Haque and T.H. Bokhari, Turk. J. Chem., 36, 267 (2012).
D.W. Reische, D.A. Lillard and R.R. Eitenmiller, Antioxidants in food lipids, Marcel Dekker, New York, USA, edn. 1, pp. 423-448 (1998).
CLSI, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA, USA, edn. 18, pp. 1-50 (2008).
W.A. Powell, C.M. Catranis and C.A. Maynard, Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 31, 163 (2000).
P. Sharma and J.D. Sharma, J. Ethnopharmacol., 74, 239 (2001).
E. Nazifi,A. Delazar, A. Movafeghi, Hemmati, H. Nazemiyeh, L. Nahar and S.D. Sarker, Record Nat. Prod., 2, 94 (2008).
A.T. Orishadipe, J.I. Okogun and E. Mishelia, Afr. J. Pure and App. Chem., 4, 131 (2010).
R.P. Adams, Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy, Allured Publishing Corporation, Carol Stream IL, United States of America, edn. 3, pp. 1-804 (2001).
F. Aslam, N. Rasool, M. Riaz, M. Zubair, K. Rizwan, M. Abbas, T.H. Bukhari and I.H. Bukhari, Int. J. Phytomed., 3, 567 (2011).
S. Demiray, M.E. Pintado and P.M.L. Castro, World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol., 54, 312 (2009).
A.A. Hamid and O.O. Aiyelaagbe, Int. J. Chem. Biochem. Sci., 1, 99 (2012).
M. Riaz, N. Rasool, I. Bukhari, M. Shahid, F. Zahoor, M. Gilani and M. Zubair, Afr. J. Microbiol. Res., 6, 5700 (2012).
A. Verastegui, J. Verde, S. Garcia, N. Heredia,A. Oranday and C. Rivas, World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 24, 1249 (2008).
M. Riaz, N. Rasool, I.H. Bukhari, M. Shahid, M. Zubair, K. Rizwan and U. Rashid, Molecules, 17, 14275 (2012).
X.C. Weng and M.H. Gordon, J. Agric. Food Chem., 40, 1331 (2000).
M.T. Baratta, H.J.D. Dorman, S.G. Deans, D.M. Biondi and G. Ruberto, J. Essent. Oil Res., 10, 618 (1998).
A. Giweli,A.M. Dzamic, M. Sokovic, M.S. Ristic and P.D. Marin, Molecules, 17, 4836 (2012).