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Vol. 28 No. 4 (2016): Vol 28 Issue 4

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Optimization of Conditions for Preparation of Activated Carbon from Coconut Husk Fiber Using Responses from Measurements of Surface Area and Adsorption

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2016.19373
Hatem A. Al-Aoh
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, 71474 Tabuk, Saudia Arabia
Ibrahim A.M. Mihaina
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, 71474 Tabuk, Saudia Arabia
Fahad M. Alzuaibr
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, 71474 Tabuk, Saudia Arabia
Adel. D. Althaqafy
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, 71474 Tabuk, Saudia Arabia
M. Jamil Maah
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Rosiyah Yahya
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
M. Radzi Bin Abas
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Inderjeet Tyagi
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247 667, India
Shilpi Agarwal
Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
Vinod Kumar Gupta
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247 667, India; Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa

Corresponding Author(s) : Hatem A. Al-Aoh

issa_hatem2@yahoo.com

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 28 No. 4 (2016): Vol 28 Issue 4

Abstract

Coconut husk fiber-based activated carbon was synthesized using ZnCl2. Analytical technique such as SEM was used for the characterization of the developed activated carbon obtained from the carbon husk. Effects of various influential parameters are optimized using the Taguchi experimental design. The optimization of SBET with the percentage removal of 4-nitrophenol, methylene blue and acid red-27 dye were applied as standard responses, the optimized parameters for SBET were activation temperature of 800 °C, concentration of ZnCl2 of 50 % w/v, nitrogen flow rate of 100 cm3/min, activation time of 2 h and carbonization temperature of 300 °C. 4-Nitrophenol optimized conditions were: carbonization at 400 °C, impregnation with 5 % w/v ZnCl2 solution and activation at 700 °C for 2 h with nitrogen flow rate of 200 cm3/min. Except for the impregnation ratio, nitrogen flow rate and activation time in the case of methylene blue, the ideal conditions of the percentage removals of methylene blue and acid red-27 are almost equal to that of the SBET. The surface characteristics of the samples produced under optimal conditions were examined. There are no pores available in the surface of the coconut fiber compared to the surface of the other two samples prepared under ideal conditions. Moreover, the activated carbons prepared under these optimized conditions contain small amounts of oxygen and have neutral surfaces.

Keywords

Taguchi method Coconut husk fiber ANOVA analysis SBET Methylene blue Acid red-27
Al-Aoh, H. A., Mihaina, I. A., Alzuaibr, F. M., Althaqafy, A. D., Maah, M. J., Yahya, R., … Gupta, V. K. (2015). Optimization of Conditions for Preparation of Activated Carbon from Coconut Husk Fiber Using Responses from Measurements of Surface Area and Adsorption. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 28(4), 714–724. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2016.19373
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