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Lipid Classes and Fatty Acids Comparison of Oscar and Dunkeld Variety of Canola Seeds
Corresponding Author(s) : Zeeshan Ali
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 25 No. 8 (2013): Vol 25 Issue 8
Abstract
Canola seed varieties Oscar and Dunkeld grown by local cultivars of Pakistan, contained lipids (44.6, 42.2 %) of which neutral lipids (95.5, 96.8 %) and polar lipids (4.5, 3.2 %) respectively by preparative TLC. The neutral lipids of both varieties were further fractionated and identified as hydrocarbons (0.9, 0.7 %), wax ester (1.2, 1.5 %), sterol esters (1.2, 1.6 %) triacylglycerols (72.6, 73.3 %), free fatty acids (3.1, 3.4 %), 1,3-diacylglycerols (4.3, 4.1 %), 1,2-diacylglycerols (3.8, 3.7 %), fatty alcohols (1.5, 1.2 %), sterols (1.6, 1.5 %) and monoacylglycerols (5.3, 5.8 %) respectively. The fatty acids of whole extracted lipids and fractionated classes except hydrocarbons, fatty alcohols and sterols were analyzed through GC. The Oscar & Dunkeld contain low contents of total saturated fatty acid (8.2, 8.7 %) and higher contents of monounsaturated fatty acid (61.5, 60.8 %) respectively as compare to conventional vegetable oils. The fatty acids analysis reveals that the glycerides contain higher percentage of unsaturated fatty acid. Oleic acid is predominant amongst monounsaturated fatty acid while palmitic acid is the prominent saturated fatty acid in all the classes.
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- Provincial Director, Pakistan Oil Seed Development Board, 76-Riwaz Garden, Lahore.
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References
J. Smartt and N.W. Simmends, Evolution of Crop Plants, Longmann Scientific and Technical Harlow Essex, England, edn. 2 (1995).
E.M. Bruce, Canola Council of Canada (1994).
A.H. Lichtenstein, L.M. Ausman and W. Carroasco, Arterioscler Thromb., 13, 533 (1994).
G.M. Wardlaw, J.T. Snook, M.A. Puangeo and J.S. Kwon, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 54, 104 (1991).
J.K. Chan, V.M. Bruce and B.E. McDonald, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 53, 1230 (1991).
B.E. McDonald, J.M. Gerrad, V.M. Bruce and E.J. Corner, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 50, 1382 (1989).
Provincial Director, Pakistan Oil Seed Development Board, 76-Riwaz Garden, Lahore.
F.T. Orthoefer, in ed: Y.H. Hui, Vegetable Oils, in Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products, Edible Oil and Fat Products: General Applications, JohnWiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY, edn. 5, Vol. 1 (1996).
I. Folch, M. Lees and S. Stanely, J. Biol. Chem., 497 (1957).
M.A. Javed, M.Y. Raie and N. Ali, Pak. J. Sci. Ind. Res., 34, 181 (1991).
M.Y. Raie, I. Ahmad, M.A. Javed and I. Waheed, Pak. Acad. Sci., 26, 199 (1989).
A. Waheed, A.W. Sabir and A. Sattar, Proc. Pak. Acad. Sci., 29, 237 (1992).
Z. Ali, H.L. Saddiqui and S. Mahmud, J. Chem. Soc. Pak., 31, (2009).
T. Mag, Further Processing of Canola and Rapeseed Oils, in Canola and Rapeseed. in ed.: F. Shahidi, Production, Chemistry, Nutrition and Processing Technology, Avi Book, Van Nostrand Reinhold, NewYork, pp. 251-276 (1990).
F.D. Gunstone, J.L. Harwood and F.B. Padley, The Lipid Hand Book, Chapman and Hall, New York, Vol. 1, pp. 51-54 (1986).
R.G. Ackman, in eds.: J.K.G. Kramer, F.D. Sauer and W.J. Pigden, Chemical Composition of Rapeseed Oil, In High and Low Erucic Acid Rapeseed Oils, Academic Press, Toronto, pp. 85-141 (1983).
R.P. Evershed, V.L. Male and L.J. Goad, J. Chromatogr. A, 400, 187 (1987).
M. de Lorgeril and P. Salen, Public Health Nutr., 9(1A), 118 (2006).
J.B. Rossell, in eds.: J.B. Rossell and J.L.R. Pritchard, Vegetable Oil and Fats, Analysis of Oilseeds, Fats and Fatty Foods, Elsevier Applied Science, New York, pp. 261-319 (1991).
F.M. Pritchard, A. Eagles, R.M. Norton, P.A. Salisbury and M. Nicolas, Aust. J. Exp. Agric., 40, 679 (2000).
P.M. Kris-Etherton, Circulat. J. Am. Heart Assoc., 1253 (1999).
J.C. Lovejoy, Current Diabetes Reports, 2, 435 (2002).
J.L.R. Pritchard, in eds.: J.B. Rossell and J.L.R. Pritchard, Analysis and Properties of Oilseeds, In: Analysis of Oilseeds, Fats and Fatty Foods, pp. 80-98, 127 (1991). J.B. Rossell, Elsevier Applied Sciences, London, New York, Vegetable Oil and Fats, In: Analysis of Oilseeds, Fats and Fatty Foods (1991).
M.H. Gordon and L.A.D. Miller, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 74, 505 (1997).
F. Shahidi and V.K.S. Shukla, Non-Triacylglycerol Constituents of Fats and Oils, International News on Fats, Oils and Related Materials, Vol. 7, pp. 1227-1231 (1996).
F. Sosulski, P. Zadernowski and K. Babuchowski, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 58, 561 (1981).
A. Smiles, Y. Kakuda and B.E. MacDonald, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 65, 1151 (1988).