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Chemical Evolution of Aminoacetonitrile to Glycine under Discharge onto Primitive Hydrosphere: Simulation Experiments Using Glow Discharge

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2016.19405
T. Munegumi
Department of Science Education, Naruto University of Education, Naruto, Tokushima 772-8502, Japan

Corresponding Author(s) : T. Munegumi

tmunegumi@naruto-u.ac.jp

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 28 No. 3 (2016): Vol 28 Issue 3

Abstract

Aminoacetonitrile is an important precursor of abiotic amino acids, as shown in the mechanism that was developed to explain the results of the Miller-type spark-discharge experiment. In present experimental setup, a spark discharge is generated in a simulated reducing atmosphere to yield hydrogen cyanide, aldehyde and ammonia; in a second step, a solution-phase reaction proceeds via aminoacetonitrile to give amino acids. However, when the same experiment is carried out in a non-reducing atmosphere, the yield of amino acids is very low. Contact glow discharge electrolysis onto the aqueous phase, which simulates an energy source for chemical evolution, converted aminoacetonitrile via glycinamide to glycine. The mechanism of glycinamide formation was explained by considering the addition of hydrogen and hydroxyl radicals to the C-N triple bond and subsequent transformation into the amide, which was then oxidized to the amino acid. This research suggests that amino acid amides and amino acids can be obtained through oxidation-reduction with H and OH radicals in the primitive hydrosphere whether under reducing or non-reducing conditions.

Keywords

Aminoacetonitrile Chemical evolution Contact glow discharge electrolysis
Munegumi, T. (2015). Chemical Evolution of Aminoacetonitrile to Glycine under Discharge onto Primitive Hydrosphere: Simulation Experiments Using Glow Discharge. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 28(3), 555–561. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2016.19405
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