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Constituents, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent.) Bioss. Volatile Oil from Iran
Corresponding Author(s) : M. Kazemi
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 25 No. 6 (2013): Vol 25 Issue 6
Abstract
The water distilled essential oil of the aerial parts of P. gnaphalodes from Qom area of Iran was analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS methods. Eighty-eight compounds, accounting for 89 % of the total oil, were indentified. The main components of the oil were myrtenol (13.2 %), citronellol (9.0 %), (E)-nuciferol (5.2%), shiromoll (5.1 %), geraniol (5.1 %) and a-pinene (5.0 %). The oil was rich in regards to oxygenated monoterpenes (48.8 %). The antimicrobial activity of the oil was measured by a disc diffusion method. The oil has shown maximum zone of inhibition against Candida albicans (23 ± 1.2 mm) with a value higher than that of fluconazol (18.0 ± 0.3 mm). The oil antioxidant activities were valued by DPPH assay and b-carotene-linoleic acid assays. The essential oil strongly reduced the concentration of DPPH free radical (36.0 ± 1.3 %), with an efficacy higher than that of trolox (33.0 ± 0.5 %). The oil had high inhibition against BHD standard in b-carotene bleaching test.
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- H.M.G. Al-Hazimi and H.Z. Al-Khathlan, J. Chem. Soc. Pak., 14, 233 (1992).
- V. Mozaffarian, A Dictionary of Iranian Plant Names, Farhang Moaser Publishers, Tehran, Iran, (1996).
- L.L. Liu, J.L. Yang and Y.P. Shi, Chem. Biodivers., 7, 327 (2010).
- M. Ravandeh, J. Valizadeh, M. Noroozifar and M. Khorasani-Motlagh, J. Med. Plants Res., 5, 2035 (2011).
- M. Stavri, K.T. Mathew, A. Gordon, D. Steven, R. Shnyder, A. Falconer and S. Gibbons, Phytochemistry, 69, 1915 (2008).
- B. Nickavar, G.R. Amin and P. Ghavamian, Iran. J. Pharm. Res., 1, 31 (2002).
- H.H. El-Kamali and S.A. Mahjoub, Ethnobotan. Leaflets, 13, 722 (2009).
- A.A. Alghaithy, H.A. El-Beshbishy, A.B. AbdelNaim, A.A. Nagy and E.M. Abdel-Sattar, Toxicol. Ind. Health, 27, 899 (2011).
- H. Bakthira, N.A.A. Ali, N. Arnold, A. Teichert and L. Wessjohann, Afr. J. Tradit. Comp. Altern. Med., 8, 296 (2011).
- A. Rustaiyan, E. Simozar, A. Ahmadi, M. Grenz and F. Bohlmann, Phytochemistry, 20, 2772 (1981).
- E. Wollenweber and A. Rustaiyan, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 19, 673 (1991).
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- M.S. Ali, M. Jahangir, S.S. Uzair, A.W. Erian and R.B. Tareen, Nat. Prod. Lett., 16, 179 (2002).
- K.A. Eshbakova, Plants-Intermed. J. Phytomed. Related Ind., 3, 161 (2011).
- H. Mumivand, A.R. Rustaii, K. Jahanbin and D. Dastan, J. Essent. Oil Bearing Plants, 13, 717 (2010).
- A. Basta, O. Tzakou, M. Couladis and M. Pavlovic, J. Essent. Oil Res., 19, 333 (2007).
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- F.E. Hanbali, M. Akssira, A. Ezoubeiri, C.E. Gadhi, F. Mellouki, A. Benherraf, A.M. Blazquez and H. Boira, J. Ethnopharmacol., 99, 399 (2005).
- http://webbook.nist.gov/
- http://www.pherobase.com/database/kovats/kovats-index.php
- H. Van Den Dool and P.D. Kratz, J. Chromatogr. A, 11, 463 (1963).
- C.M. Collins and P.M. Lyne, Microbiological Methods, London, Butterworths (1987).
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- M. Burits and F. Bucar, Phytother. Res., 14, 323 (2000).
- M.S. Taga, E.E. Miller and D.E. Pratt, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 61, 928 (1984).
- H.S. Choi, H.S. Song, H. Ukeda and M. Sawamura, J. Agric. Food Chem., 48, 4156 (2000).
- Y. Inoue, A. Shiraishi, T. Hada, K. Hirose, H. Hamashima and J. Shimada, FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 237, 325 (2004).
- G. Ruberto and M.T. Baratta, Food Chem., 69, 167 (2000).
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References
H.M.G. Al-Hazimi and H.Z. Al-Khathlan, J. Chem. Soc. Pak., 14, 233 (1992).
V. Mozaffarian, A Dictionary of Iranian Plant Names, Farhang Moaser Publishers, Tehran, Iran, (1996).
L.L. Liu, J.L. Yang and Y.P. Shi, Chem. Biodivers., 7, 327 (2010).
M. Ravandeh, J. Valizadeh, M. Noroozifar and M. Khorasani-Motlagh, J. Med. Plants Res., 5, 2035 (2011).
M. Stavri, K.T. Mathew, A. Gordon, D. Steven, R. Shnyder, A. Falconer and S. Gibbons, Phytochemistry, 69, 1915 (2008).
B. Nickavar, G.R. Amin and P. Ghavamian, Iran. J. Pharm. Res., 1, 31 (2002).
H.H. El-Kamali and S.A. Mahjoub, Ethnobotan. Leaflets, 13, 722 (2009).
A.A. Alghaithy, H.A. El-Beshbishy, A.B. AbdelNaim, A.A. Nagy and E.M. Abdel-Sattar, Toxicol. Ind. Health, 27, 899 (2011).
H. Bakthira, N.A.A. Ali, N. Arnold, A. Teichert and L. Wessjohann, Afr. J. Tradit. Comp. Altern. Med., 8, 296 (2011).
A. Rustaiyan, E. Simozar, A. Ahmadi, M. Grenz and F. Bohlmann, Phytochemistry, 20, 2772 (1981).
E. Wollenweber and A. Rustaiyan, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 19, 673 (1991).
M.S. Ali, M. Jahangir, M. Saleem and V.U. Ahmad, Nat. Prod. Sci., 5, 134 (1999).
M.S. Ali, M. Jahangir, S.S. Uzair, A.W. Erian and R.B. Tareen, Nat. Prod. Lett., 16, 179 (2002).
K.A. Eshbakova, Plants-Intermed. J. Phytomed. Related Ind., 3, 161 (2011).
H. Mumivand, A.R. Rustaii, K. Jahanbin and D. Dastan, J. Essent. Oil Bearing Plants, 13, 717 (2010).
A. Basta, O. Tzakou, M. Couladis and M. Pavlovic, J. Essent. Oil Res., 19, 333 (2007).
P. Weyerstahl, H.C. Wahlburg, H. Marschall and A. Rustaiyan, Liebigs. Ann. Chem., 1993, 1117 (1993).
R. Weyerstahl, H. Marschall, C. Christiansen, A. Rustaiyan and F. Mirdjalili, Flav. Fragr. J., 14, 121 (1999).
F. Hichri, J. Chria, S. Hammami, H.B. Jannet and Z. Mighri, J. Soc. Chim. Tunisie, 11, 77 (2009).
F. Nematollahi, A. Rustaiyan, K. Larijani, M. Nadimi and S. Masoudi, J. Essent. Oil Res., 18, 339 (2006).
N.E. Abed, F. Harzallah-Skhiri and N. Boughalleb, Agric. Segment, 1, 1530 (2010).
M.A. Yousuf, A. Bashir, K. Veres, A. Dobos, G. Nagy, I. Mathe and G. Blunden, J. Essent. Oil Res., 13, 454 (2001).
F.E. Hanbali, M. Akssira, A. Ezoubeiri, C.E. Gadhi, F. Mellouki, A. Benherraf, A.M. Blazquez and H. Boira, J. Ethnopharmacol., 99, 399 (2005).
http://www.pherobase.com/database/kovats/kovats-index.php
H. Van Den Dool and P.D. Kratz, J. Chromatogr. A, 11, 463 (1963).
C.M. Collins and P.M. Lyne, Microbiological Methods, London, Butterworths (1987).
P.R. Murray, E.J. Baron, M.A. Pfaller, F.C. Tenover and R.H. Yolke, Manual of Clinical Microbiology, Washington, DC, ASM, edn. 7 (1995).
M. Burits and F. Bucar, Phytother. Res., 14, 323 (2000).
M.S. Taga, E.E. Miller and D.E. Pratt, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 61, 928 (1984).
H.S. Choi, H.S. Song, H. Ukeda and M. Sawamura, J. Agric. Food Chem., 48, 4156 (2000).
Y. Inoue, A. Shiraishi, T. Hada, K. Hirose, H. Hamashima and J. Shimada, FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 237, 325 (2004).
G. Ruberto and M.T. Baratta, Food Chem., 69, 167 (2000).
D. Lopez-lutz, D.S. Alviano, C.S. Alviano and P.P. Kolodziejczyk, Phytochemistry, 69, 732 (2008).