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HPLC Analysis of Fatty Acids and Triterpenoids in Fruit of Hawthorn (Crataegus azarolus) in Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Corresponding Author(s) : Baram Ahamd Ameen
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 25 No. 5 (2013): Vol 25 Issue 5
Abstract
Fatty acids and triterpenoids content of three types of hawthorn fruit (Crataegus azarolus) which grows in Iraqi Kurdistan region (season 2011) including Hawraman, Qaradax and house garden, were determined by RP-HPLC technique. The percentages of oils were found to be 12, 10 and 14 %, respectively. HPLC analysis of these oils show contain palmatic acid, palmitoleic (w 7) acid and high levels of a-linoleic acid about [37.202, 31.402 and 33.816 %], linoleic acid [9.686, 21.556 and 19.135 %], respectively. Divert compounds of triterpenoids composition were also analyzed by HPLC technique in all of them mentioned four triterpenoids compound were detected oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, a-amyrin, b-amyrin and a high ratio (choline, acetylcholine) have also been detected. The ratio of acetylcholine is about 53.800, 24.6144 and 30.8198 % in each types, respectively and a high level of choline detected in Qaradax hawthorn fruits is about 39.2849 % and in house garden about 35.4523 %.
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References
H.I. Chakravary and Ali-Al-Rawi, Medicinal Plant of Iraq, Ministry of Agriculture Baghdad, edn. 2, 1 (1964).
Prescription for Nutritional Healing Phylis Balch, University of Maryland Medical Center-Hawthorn (2003).
T. Cui, J.-Z. Li, H. Kayahara, L. Ma, L.-X. Wu and K. Nakamura, J. Agric. Food Chem., 54, 4574 (2006).
J. Liu, J. Ethnopharmacol., 49, 57 (1995).
A.T. Dinkova-Kostova, K.T. Liby, K.K. Stephenson, W.D. Holtzclaw, X. Gao, N. Suh, C. Williams, R. Risingsong, T. Honda, G.W. Gribble, M.B. Sporn and P. Talalay, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 102, 4584 (2005).
S. Shishodia, S. Majumdar, S. Banerjee and B.B. Aggarwal, Cancer Res., 63, 4375 (2003).
A.K. Pathak, M. Bhutani,A.S. Nair, K.S. Ahn,A. Chakraborty, H. Kadara, S. Guha, G. Sethi and B.B. Aggarwal, Mol. Cancer Res., 5, 943 (2007).
X. Wang, F. Zhang, L. Yang, Y. Mei and H. Long, J. Biomed. Biotechnol., 2011, 419343 (2011).
M. Mac, S.Q. Cai, J.R. Cui and R.Q. Wang, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 40, 582 (2005).
C.E. Vitor, C.P. Figueiredo, D.B. Hara, A.F. Bento, T.L. Mazzuco and J.B. Calixto, Br. J. Pharmacol., 157, 1034 (2009).
Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamine, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Panthothenic Acid, Biotin and Chloine, Institute of Medicine (1998).
http/Ipi oregonstate edu /infocenter /othernvts/choline (at Linus paulinlnst )AJCN 92 n5 113-1119(Nov2010)
N.A. Compbell and J.B. Reece, 48 Biology, SanFrancisco, CA, Pearson Education, Inc., edn. 6, p. 1037 (2002).
AAcc, Approved Methods of the AAcc, American Association of Coreal Chemists INC, stpau, Minn (1987).
J.Y. Goe, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 72, 120 (1995).
ISO/IEC 17025: 1999. The Present List of Methods Reflects the Amendments Adopted by the 34th Session of the Codex Alimentarius Commission in (2011).
www.che.utah.edu/.../Instrumental%20Analysis%20CHE5503/.../HPLC%20Procedure%20Final
D. Pearson, The Chemical Analysis of Food, Chemical Publishing Company INC. New York, edn. 6 (1971).
D.T. Plummer, An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry, Academic Press, London, edn. 3 (1987)