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Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Biosensor with Gold Nanoparticles/Ru(bpy)32+ Multilayer Films on Gold Electrodes for the Determination of Ephedrine Hydrochloride
Corresponding Author(s) : Longli Kang
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 25 No. 5 (2013): Vol 25 Issue 5
Abstract
The aim of this study presented here is to develop a novel method for the determination of ephedrine hydrochloride with the electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) by using gold nanoparticles/tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)dichlororuthenium(II) (AuNPs/Ru(bpy)32+) multilayer films modified gold electrode. The ECL active species, Ru(bpy)32+ was immobilized into the {AuNPs/Ru(bpy)32+}n multilayer films by layer-by-layer assembly, which is based on the electrostatic interaction between positively charged Ru(bpy)32+ and negatively charged AuNPs. The novel multilayer films modified gold electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, ECL and SEM. The ECL biosensor based on the multilayer films containing Ru(bpy)32+ was used for ECL determination of ephedrine hydrochloride. The ECL intensity was correlated with the ephedrine hydrochloride concentration in the range from 2.0 × 10-7-1 × 10-4 g/mL (R = 0.9978) and the detection limit was 7.0 × 10-8 g/mL. The relative standard deviation (n = 11) was 3.2 % for detecting 2.0 × 10-6 g/mL ephedrine hydrochloride. This method has been applied successfully to determine ephedrine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations and in ephedra herb. Statistical analysis (Student's t-test and variance ratio F-test) of the obtained results showed no significant difference between the proposed method and the reference method.
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- G.X. Li, X.W. Zheng and Z.J. Zhang, Microchim. Acta, 154, 153 (2006).
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References
G.X. Li, X.W. Zheng and Z.J. Zhang, Microchim. Acta, 154, 153 (2006).
G.B. Li, Z.P. Zhang, X.G. Chen, Z.D. Hu, Z.F. Zhao and M. Hooper, Talanta, 48, 1023 (1999).
D.P. 1999, S.E. Petropoulou and G. Theoharis, Electrochim. Acta, 47, 3457 (2002).
G. Aymard, B. Labarthe, D. Warot, I. Berlin and B. Diquet, J. Chromatogr. B, 744, 25 (2000).
Y. Wang, D.S. Fice and P.K.F. Yeung, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 21, 519 (1999).
M.C. Roman, J. AOAC Int., 87, 15 (2004).
P. Van Eenoo, F.T. Delbeke, K. Roels and P. De Backer, J. Chromatogr. B, 760, 255 (2001).
M.H.E. Spyridaki, C.J. Tsitsimpikou, P.A. Siskos and C.G. Georgakopoulos, J. Chromatogr. B, 758, 314 (2001).
J. Beyer, F.T. Peters, T. Kraemer and H.H. Maurer, J. Mass Spectrom., 42, 150 (2007).
F. Yi, H. Yu and W.L. Lai, Z.-F. Wu, R.-M. Ou, Y.-H. Deng and X. Zeng, J. Guangdong College Pharmacy, 6, 572 (2008).
J. Gunn, S. Kriger and A.R. Terrell, Methods Mol. Biol., 607, 37 (2010).
M. Marazuela, L. Aqui, A. Gonzalez-Cortez, P. Yanez-Sedeno and J.M. Pingarron, Electroanalysis, 11, 1339 (1999).
D.P. Nikolelis, G. Raftopoulou and C.G. Siontorou, Electroanalysis, 17, 1870 (2005).
X. Hun, H.C. Chen and W. Wang, Biosensor. Bioelectron, 26, 3887 (2011).
Y. Li, H.L. Qi, Y.G. Peng, J. Yang and C.X. Zhang, Electrochem. Commun., 9, 2571 (2007).
D.M. Hercules and F.E. Lytle, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 88, 4745 (1966).
Z.H. Guo, Y. Shen, M.K. Wang, F. Zhao and S.J. Dong, Anal. Chem., 76, 184 (2004).
F. Li, X.Q. Lin and H. Cui, J. Electroanal. Chem., 534, 91 (2002).
Z. Chang, J.M. Zhou, K. Zhao, N.N. Zhu, P.G. He and Y.Z. Fan, Electrochim. Acta, 52, 575 (2006).
X. Peng, L. Manna, W. Yang, J. Wickham, E. Scher, A. Kadavanich and A.P. Alivisatos, Nature, 404, 59 (2000).
D.J. Maxwell, J.R. Taylor and S. Nie, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124, 9606 (2002).
I. Rubinstein and A.J. Bard, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 102, 6641 (1980).
C.H. Lyons, E.D. Abbas, J.K. Lee and M.F. Rubner, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120, 12100 (1998).
W.J. Miao, Chem. Rev., 108, 2506 (2008).
X.P. Sun, Y. Du, L.X. Zhang, S.J. Dong and E.K. Wang, Anal. Chem., 79, 2588 (2007).
S. Zanarini, E. Rampazzo, L.D. Ciana, M. Marcaccio, E. Marzocchi, M. Montalti, F. Paolucci and L. Prodi, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131, 2260 (2009).
X. Hun and Z.J. Zhang, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 47, 670 (2008).
K.C. Grabar, P.C. Smith, M.D. Musick, J.A. Davis, D.G. Walter, M.A. Jackson, A.P. Guthrie and M.J. Natan, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 118, 1148 (1996).
M. Ganzera, C. Lanser and H. Stuppner, Talanta, 30, 889 (2005).
Editorial Committee of the Pharmacopoeia of People’s Republic of China, The Pharmacopoeia of People’s Republic of China, Chemical Industry Press, Beijing, p. 300 (2010).