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Synthesis and Characterization of Ni/ZrO2-Bentonite
Corresponding Author(s) : Karna Wijaya
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 31 No. 1 (2019): Vol 31 Issue 1
Abstract
Bentonite as a carrier was modified by means of pillarization using ZrOCl2·8H2O pillaring solution. Calcination was performed to obtain ZrO2 bounded bentonite. To create a bifunctional catalyst, ZrO2- bentonite was impregnated using Ni(NO3)2·6H2O precursor as nickel metal source. Subsequently, calcination and reduction steps were performed to obtain Ni/ZrO2-bentonite catalyst. The physicalchemical properties of catalyst was characterized by XRD, XRF and the surface area was analyzed with BET, surface acidity with gravimetric method using NH3 vapour, FT-IR and TEM. The characterized results by XRD showed specific peaks of montmorillonite mineral still visible after the pillarization and impregnation process with nickel metal. The XRD analysis also showed an increase in basal spacing d001 of the catalyst sample after the pillarization process characterized by the shifting of specific peaks d001 to the left (2θ < 5º). The XRF analysis showed that the nickel content in bentonite sample was increased after impregnation with the Ni(NO3)2·6H2O precursor. Qualitatively, acidity of the catalysts was determined by FTIR showing characteristics for Brønsted and Lewis acids at wavenumbers 1635-1381 cm-1. Surface area analysis results showed an increase in specific surface area after pillarization and impregnation with nickel metal.
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References
T.J. Pinnavaia, Science, 220, 365 (1983); https://doi.org/10.1126/science.220.4595.365.
F. Uddin, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 39, 2804 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-008-9603-5.
A. De-Stefanis and A.G. Tomlinson, Catal. Today, 114, 126 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2006.01.019.
A. Gil, S.A. Korili, R. Trujillano and M.A. Vicente, Appl. Clay Sci., 53, 97 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2010.09.018.
A.G. Tomlinson, J. Porous Mater., 5, 259 (1998); https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009686322154.
F. Kooli and W. Jones, Chem. Mater., 9, 2913 (1997); https://doi.org/10.1021/cm970254s.
K. Wijaya, A.S. Pratiwi and S. Sudiono, Indonesian J. Chem., 2, 20 (2002).
K. Wijaya, E. Sugiharto and I. Mudatsir, Indonesian J. Chem., 4, 33 (2004).
Z. Ding, J.T. Kloprogge, R.L. Frost, G.Q. Lu and H.Y. Zhu, J. Porous Mater., 8, 273 (2001); https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013113030912.
S. Moreno, S.K. Kou, K. Molina and G. Poncelet, J. Catal., 182, 174 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1006/jcat.1998.2349.
M.E. Gyftopoulou, M. Millan, A.V. Bridgwater, D. Dugwell, R. Kandiyoti and J.A. Hriljac, Appl. Catal. A Gen., 282, 205 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2004.12.012.
A. Gil, A. Vicente and M. Gandia, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 34, 115 (2000); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-1811(99)00166-3.
J.T. Kloprogge, J. Porous Mater., 5, 5 (1998); https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009625913781.
M.E.R. Jalil, M. Baschini and K. Sapag, Materials, 10, 1345 (2017); https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10121345.
J. Ruslan, Hardi andM. Mirzan, Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfated Zirconia Pillared clay as Cracking Catalyst, Yogyakarta State University, Indonesia, Proceedings of The National Chemistry Seminar, p. 325 (2017).
Y. Utubira and K. Wijaya, Int. J. Chemtech Res., 9, 475 (2016).
K.A. Carrado, L. Xu, R. Csencsits and J.V. Muntean, Chem. Mater., 13, 3766 (2001); https://doi.org/10.1021/cm010104o.
J. Madejova, Vib. Spectrosc., 31, 1 (2003); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-2031(02)00065-6.
W. Xue, H. He, J. Zhu and P. Yuan, Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc., 67, 1030 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2006.09.024.
D.A. Ward and E.I. Ko, J. Catal., 150, 18 (1994); https://doi.org/10.1006/jcat.1994.1319.
S.M.R. Kou and S. Mendioroz, Clays Clay Miner., 48, 528 (2000); https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2000.0480505.
I. Fatimah, Ph.D. Dissertation of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia (2010).