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Graft Polymerization of Acrylonitrile-Sucrose and Determination of the Grafting Parameters
Corresponding Author(s) : Mohammad Sadeghi
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 25 No. 4 (2013): Vol 25 Issue 4
Abstract
Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto sucrose was carried out under argon atmosphere in a homogeneous aqueous medium by using ceric ammonium nitrate as an initiator. A tentative mechanism is proposed to explain the generation of radicals and the initiation. The effect of the concentration of the initiator, monomer and polysaccharide as well as the reaction time and temperature on the graft copolymerization reactions were investigated.
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- G.F. Fanta, In ed.: R.J. Cerasa, In Block and Graft Copolymerization, Wiley, London (1973).
- A. Hebeish and J.T. Guthrie, In The Chemistry and Technology of Cellulosic Copolymers, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1981).
- V.D. Athawale and S.C. Rathi, J. Macromol. Sci.-Rev. Macromol. Chem. Phys., C39, 445 (1999).
- T. Sun, P. Xu, Q. Liu, J. Xue and W. Xie, Eur. Polym. J., 39, 189 (2003).
- Y. Cao, X. Qing, J. Sun, F. Zhou and S. Lin, Eur. Polym. J., 38, 1921 (2002).
- R.P. Singh, In eds.: P.N. Prasad, J.E. Mark and T.J. Fal, Polymers and Other Advanced Materials, Emerging Technologies and Business Opportunities, Plenum, New York, p. 227 (1995).
- N. Bicak, D.C. Sherrington and B.F. Senkal, React. Func. Polym., 41, 69 (1999).
- L.M. Zhang and B.W. Sun, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 74, 3088 (1999).
- W.F. Lee and G.Y. Haung, Polymer, 37, 4389 (1996).
- G. Mino and S. Kaizerman, J. Polym. Sci., 31, 212 (1958).
- D.R. Patil and G.F. Fanta, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 47, 1765 (1993).
- L. Rahman, S. Silong, W.M. Zin, M.Z.A. Rahman, M. Ahmad and J. Haron, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 76, 516 (2000).
- S.B. Shah, C.P. Patel and H.C. Trivedi, High Perform. Polym., 4, 151 (1992).
- S.B. Shah, C.P. Patel and H.C. Trivedi, Carbohydr. Polym., 26, 61 (1995).
- T. Tripathy and R.P. Singh, Eur. Polym. J., 36, 1471 (2000).
- T. Tripathy, N.C. Karmakar and R.P. Singh, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 82, 375 (2001).
- Y. Cao, X. Qing, J. Sun, F. Zhou and S. Lin, Eur. Polym. J., 38, 1921 (2002).
- T. Tripathy, N.C. Karmakar and R.P. Singh, Int. J. Polym. Mater., 46, 81 (2000).
- V.D. Athawale and V. Lele, Carbohydr. Polym., 41, 407 (2000).
- A.M.A. Nada and M.L. Hassan, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 67, 111 (2000).
- F.R. Duke and A.A. Froist, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 71, 2790 (1949).
- F.R. Duke and A.A. Froist, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 73, 5179 (1951).
- T. Doba, C. Rodehed and B. Ranby, Macromolecules, 17, 2512 (1984).
- A.A. Berlin and V.N. Kislenco, Prog. Polym. Sci., 17, 765 (1992).
- A. Pourjavadi and M.J. Zohuriaan-Mehr, Starch/Starke, 54, 140 (2002).
- L. Mr, S. Silong, W.M.Z.W. Yunus, Z.A. Rahman, M. Ahmad and M.J. Haron, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 77, 784 (2000).
- S.R. Shukla and G.V. Gopala, Rao, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 42, 2163 (1991).
References
G.F. Fanta, In ed.: R.J. Cerasa, In Block and Graft Copolymerization, Wiley, London (1973).
A. Hebeish and J.T. Guthrie, In The Chemistry and Technology of Cellulosic Copolymers, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1981).
V.D. Athawale and S.C. Rathi, J. Macromol. Sci.-Rev. Macromol. Chem. Phys., C39, 445 (1999).
T. Sun, P. Xu, Q. Liu, J. Xue and W. Xie, Eur. Polym. J., 39, 189 (2003).
Y. Cao, X. Qing, J. Sun, F. Zhou and S. Lin, Eur. Polym. J., 38, 1921 (2002).
R.P. Singh, In eds.: P.N. Prasad, J.E. Mark and T.J. Fal, Polymers and Other Advanced Materials, Emerging Technologies and Business Opportunities, Plenum, New York, p. 227 (1995).
N. Bicak, D.C. Sherrington and B.F. Senkal, React. Func. Polym., 41, 69 (1999).
L.M. Zhang and B.W. Sun, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 74, 3088 (1999).
W.F. Lee and G.Y. Haung, Polymer, 37, 4389 (1996).
G. Mino and S. Kaizerman, J. Polym. Sci., 31, 212 (1958).
D.R. Patil and G.F. Fanta, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 47, 1765 (1993).
L. Rahman, S. Silong, W.M. Zin, M.Z.A. Rahman, M. Ahmad and J. Haron, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 76, 516 (2000).
S.B. Shah, C.P. Patel and H.C. Trivedi, High Perform. Polym., 4, 151 (1992).
S.B. Shah, C.P. Patel and H.C. Trivedi, Carbohydr. Polym., 26, 61 (1995).
T. Tripathy and R.P. Singh, Eur. Polym. J., 36, 1471 (2000).
T. Tripathy, N.C. Karmakar and R.P. Singh, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 82, 375 (2001).
Y. Cao, X. Qing, J. Sun, F. Zhou and S. Lin, Eur. Polym. J., 38, 1921 (2002).
T. Tripathy, N.C. Karmakar and R.P. Singh, Int. J. Polym. Mater., 46, 81 (2000).
V.D. Athawale and V. Lele, Carbohydr. Polym., 41, 407 (2000).
A.M.A. Nada and M.L. Hassan, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 67, 111 (2000).
F.R. Duke and A.A. Froist, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 71, 2790 (1949).
F.R. Duke and A.A. Froist, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 73, 5179 (1951).
T. Doba, C. Rodehed and B. Ranby, Macromolecules, 17, 2512 (1984).
A.A. Berlin and V.N. Kislenco, Prog. Polym. Sci., 17, 765 (1992).
A. Pourjavadi and M.J. Zohuriaan-Mehr, Starch/Starke, 54, 140 (2002).
L. Mr, S. Silong, W.M.Z.W. Yunus, Z.A. Rahman, M. Ahmad and M.J. Haron, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 77, 784 (2000).
S.R. Shukla and G.V. Gopala, Rao, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 42, 2163 (1991).