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Thermal and Heavy Metal Ions Pollution Assessment in Near By Water Bodies of Vijayawada Thermal Power Station
Corresponding Author(s) : K. Ravindhranath
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 25 No. 3 (2013): Vol 25 Issue 3
Abstract
A thorough study is made to assess the thermal and metallic ion pollution caused by Vijayawada thermal power station in the surrounding water bodies. Surface and ground water samples at judicially chosen sample stations have been analyzed at specific intervals of time for a period of nine months. It is found that the surface and ground waters are being contaminated with respect to heavy metal ions. Stratification of impounded waters of Krishna river at the point of discharge of effluents, is observed due to elevated temperatures and it is resulting in the depletion of dissolved oxygen content and thereby causing stress on biota of the lake; valuable fish species are being disappeared from placid waters of Krishna river and causing the migration of fisher man for their lively hood. Further, it is observed that heavy metal ions like Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn are being leached from fly ash due to the anaerobic conditions prevailing in the bottom of stratified pond waters. The accumulation of these ions due to bio-amplifications signals the alarming situation ahead for the people in five costal districts in Andhra Pradesh as the same impounding waters are being supplied for their drinking and agricultural purposes.
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- S.C. Bhattacharyya, Int. J. Energy Res., 21, 287 (1997).
- R. Mohapatra and J.R. Rao, J. Chem. Biotechnol., 76, 9 (2001).
- S.K. Dhadse and L.J. Bhagia, J. Sci. Ind. Res., 67, 11 (2008).
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- Y. Benito, M. Ruiz, P. Cosmen and L.J. Merino, Chem. Eng. J., 84, 167 (2001).
- K.B. Dutta, S. Khanra and D. Mallick, Fuel, 88, 1314 (2009).
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- S.V. Mattigod, G. Sposito and A.L. Page, Factors Affecting the Solubilities of Trace Metals in Soils, Chemistry in the Environment, American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, ASA Special Publication No. 40 (1980).
- D.S. Cherry, R.K. Guthrie, J.H. Rogers, J. Cairus and K.L. Dickson, Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 105, 686 (1976).
- D.S. Cherry and R.K. Guthrie, Water Air Soil Pollut., 9, 403 (1978).
- D.S. Cherry, R.K. Guthrie, S.R. Larrick and F.F. Sherberg, Hydrobiologia, 62, 253 (1979).
- R.K. Guthrie, D.S. Cherry, E.M. Davis and H.E. Murray, In eds.: J. M. Bates and C.I. Weber, Establishment of Biotic Communities within a Newly Constructed Ash Settling Basin and Its Drainage System, Stream Channelization, A Symposium, ASTM STP730, American Society of Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, pp. 243-294 (1981).
- W.L. Specht, D.S. Cherry, R.A. Lechleitner and J. Cairns, Can. J. Fish Aquat. Sci., 41, 884 (1984).
- J.H. Van Hassel and K.V. Wood, J. Fresh Water Ecol., 2, 571 (1984).
- P. Padmakaran, C.B. Raju and A. Subba Rao, Clay Res., 13, 30 (1994).
- C.L. Ram, K.N. Srivastava, C.R. Tripathi, K.S. Thakur, K.A. Sinha, K.A. Jha, E.R. Masto and S. Mitra, Environ. Geol., 51, 1119 (2007).
- R.K. Dart and R.J. Stretton, Thermal Pollution, in Microbiological Aspects of Pollution Control, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 185-191 (1980).
- V.A. Kyakk, J. Thermal Eng., 49, 306 (2002).
- K.V.K. Nair, Impact of a Nuclear Power Station on the Hydrobiological Characteristcs of Katpakkam Waters, Proc. Sea Water Qual. Demands Natl. Chem. Methodological Laboratory, Bombay (1985).
- M.H. Fulekar, Indian J. Environ. Protection, 13, 185 (1993).
- K. Fytianos, B. Tsaniklidi and E. Voudrias, Environ. Int., 24, 477 (1998).
- T. Prahraj, M.A. Powell, B.R. Hart and S. Tripathy, Environ. Int., 27, 609 (2002).
- C.B. Patel and G.S. Pandey, Sci. Total Environ., 57, 67 (1986).
- P. Chugh, Fly Ash Utilization in USA, Presented in the Seminar on 'Fly Ash Utilisation', held at New Delhi (India), pp. 26-27, March (1996).
- A.F. D'yakov, I.V. Gordin, A.P. Bersenev and B.S. Fedoseev, The Environmental Control Activities of Thermal Power stations in Protecting Reservoirs, Thermal Engineering ISSN 0040-6015, Vol. 44, pp. 967-973 (8 ref. in it) (1997).
- ISI, Drinking Water Standards, Indian Standard Institute Publication No. 10500 (1983).
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- T.M. Florens, Water Res., 11, 681 (1977).
- B. Subramanian, S.K. Prabu and A. Mahadevan, Water Air Soil Pollut., 53, 131 (1990).
- L.S. Clesceri, A.E. Greenberg and A.D. Easton, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, American Public Health Association, Washington D.C., edn. 20 (1998).
- P.M.J. Woodhead, J.H. Parker and I.W. Parker, Mar. Fish. Rev., 44, 16 (1982).
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References
S.C. Bhattacharyya, Int. J. Energy Res., 21, 287 (1997).
R. Mohapatra and J.R. Rao, J. Chem. Biotechnol., 76, 9 (2001).
S.K. Dhadse and L.J. Bhagia, J. Sci. Ind. Res., 67, 11 (2008).
I.V. Suresh, C. Padmakar, Prabha Padmakaran, M.V.R.L. Murthy, C.B. Raju, R.N. Yadava and K. Venkata Rao, Environ. Manage. Health, 9, 200 (1998).
Y. Benito, M. Ruiz, P. Cosmen and L.J. Merino, Chem. Eng. J., 84, 167 (2001).
K.B. Dutta, S. Khanra and D. Mallick, Fuel, 88, 1314 (2009).
D.C. Adriano, A.L. Page, A.A. Elseewi, A.C. Chang and I. Straughan, J. Environ. Qual., 9, 33 (1980).
S.V. Mattigod, G. Sposito and A.L. Page, Factors Affecting the Solubilities of Trace Metals in Soils, Chemistry in the Environment, American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, ASA Special Publication No. 40 (1980).
D.S. Cherry, R.K. Guthrie, J.H. Rogers, J. Cairus and K.L. Dickson, Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 105, 686 (1976).
D.S. Cherry and R.K. Guthrie, Water Air Soil Pollut., 9, 403 (1978).
D.S. Cherry, R.K. Guthrie, S.R. Larrick and F.F. Sherberg, Hydrobiologia, 62, 253 (1979).
R.K. Guthrie, D.S. Cherry, E.M. Davis and H.E. Murray, In eds.: J. M. Bates and C.I. Weber, Establishment of Biotic Communities within a Newly Constructed Ash Settling Basin and Its Drainage System, Stream Channelization, A Symposium, ASTM STP730, American Society of Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, pp. 243-294 (1981).
W.L. Specht, D.S. Cherry, R.A. Lechleitner and J. Cairns, Can. J. Fish Aquat. Sci., 41, 884 (1984).
J.H. Van Hassel and K.V. Wood, J. Fresh Water Ecol., 2, 571 (1984).
P. Padmakaran, C.B. Raju and A. Subba Rao, Clay Res., 13, 30 (1994).
C.L. Ram, K.N. Srivastava, C.R. Tripathi, K.S. Thakur, K.A. Sinha, K.A. Jha, E.R. Masto and S. Mitra, Environ. Geol., 51, 1119 (2007).
R.K. Dart and R.J. Stretton, Thermal Pollution, in Microbiological Aspects of Pollution Control, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 185-191 (1980).
V.A. Kyakk, J. Thermal Eng., 49, 306 (2002).
K.V.K. Nair, Impact of a Nuclear Power Station on the Hydrobiological Characteristcs of Katpakkam Waters, Proc. Sea Water Qual. Demands Natl. Chem. Methodological Laboratory, Bombay (1985).
M.H. Fulekar, Indian J. Environ. Protection, 13, 185 (1993).
K. Fytianos, B. Tsaniklidi and E. Voudrias, Environ. Int., 24, 477 (1998).
T. Prahraj, M.A. Powell, B.R. Hart and S. Tripathy, Environ. Int., 27, 609 (2002).
C.B. Patel and G.S. Pandey, Sci. Total Environ., 57, 67 (1986).
P. Chugh, Fly Ash Utilization in USA, Presented in the Seminar on 'Fly Ash Utilisation', held at New Delhi (India), pp. 26-27, March (1996).
A.F. D'yakov, I.V. Gordin, A.P. Bersenev and B.S. Fedoseev, The Environmental Control Activities of Thermal Power stations in Protecting Reservoirs, Thermal Engineering ISSN 0040-6015, Vol. 44, pp. 967-973 (8 ref. in it) (1997).
ISI, Drinking Water Standards, Indian Standard Institute Publication No. 10500 (1983).
H.A. VanderSloot and B.J.T. Nieuwendijk, In eds.: I.W. Duedall, D.R. Kester, R.K. Park and B.H. Ketchum, Release of Trace Elements from Surface-Enriched Fly Ash in Seawater, Waste in the Ocean, 4, Wiley, New York, p. 818 (1985).
T.M. Florens, Water Res., 11, 681 (1977).
B. Subramanian, S.K. Prabu and A. Mahadevan, Water Air Soil Pollut., 53, 131 (1990).
L.S. Clesceri, A.E. Greenberg and A.D. Easton, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, American Public Health Association, Washington D.C., edn. 20 (1998).
P.M.J. Woodhead, J.H. Parker and I.W. Parker, Mar. Fish. Rev., 44, 16 (1982).
G.H. Jeffery, J. Bassett, J. Menddham and R.C. Denney, Vogel's Text Book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, edn 5, ELSS (1989).