Radioisotopes Used as Radiotracers for in vitro and in vivo Diagnostics: A Review

Vesna Kuntic; Jasmina Brboric; Zorica Vujic; Snezana Uskokovic-Markovic

doi:10.14233/ajchem.2016.19401

Issue

Vol. 28 No. 2 (2016): Vol 28 Issue 2

Issue Published : November 3, 2015

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Radioisotopes Used as Radiotracers for in vitro and in vivo Diagnostics: A Review

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2016.19401

Vesna Kuntic

Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia

Jasmina Brboric

Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia

Zorica Vujic

Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia

Snezana Uskokovic-Markovic

Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia

Corresponding Author(s) : Snezana Uskokovic-Markovic

snezaum@pharmacy.bg.ac.rs

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 28 No. 2 (2016): Vol 28 Issue 2
Article Published : November 3, 2015

Abstract

Many of modern diagnostic methods cannot be achieved without radioisotopes. In this review, an overview of the most common radioisotopes (radionuclides) used as markers for in vitro and in vivo studies is provided. To determine the extremely low concentrations of some biological molecules (hormones, drugs, toxins, nucleic acid, etc.) in biological fluids for in vitro studies, b and/or g emitters with different half-lives: H-3, C-14, P-32, P-33, I-125, Cr-51 were frequently used. The majority of all radionuclides (90 %) were utilized for in vivo diagnostics. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) are imaging modalities widely used in diagnostic nuclear medicine. The most important diagnostic radionuclides are technetium-99m (for single photon emission computed tomography) and fluorine-18 (for positron emission tomography).

Keywords

Radionuclides Radiotracers Single photon emission computed tomography Positron emission tomography Technetium-99m

Kuntic, V., Brboric, J., Vujic, Z., & Uskokovic-Markovic, S. (2015). Radioisotopes Used as Radiotracers for in vitro and in vivo Diagnostics: A Review. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 28(2), 235–241. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2016.19401

Download Citation

References

G.B. Saha, Fundamentals of Nuclear Pharmacy, Springer, New York, Heidelberg, Dordrecht, London, edn 6 (2010).
H.J. Biersack and L.M. Freeman, Clinical Nuclear Medicine. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, (2007).
A.H. Elgazzar, A Concise Guide to Nuclear Medicine, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg (2011).
R.S. Yalow and S.A. Berson, Nature, 184, 1648 (1959); doi:10.1038/1841648b0.
S. Christian, Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, edn 2, Revised Edition (2006).
R.J. Kowalsky and S.W. Falen, Radiopharmaceuticals in Nuclear Pharmacy & Nuclear Medicine, APhA Publications, edn 2 (2004).
G. Stöcklin and V.W. Pike, Radiopharmaceuticals for Positron Emission Tomography -Methodological Aspects (Developments in Nuclear Medicine), Springer (2002).
M. Neves, A. Kling and A. Oliveira, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 266, 377 (2005); doi:10.1007/s10967-005-0920-5.
J. Vucina and R. Han, Med. Pregl., 54, 245 (2001).
G.B. Saha, Physics and Radiobiology of Nuclear Medicine, Springer Science, New York, edn 3 (2006).
W. Loveland, D.J. Morrissey and G.T. Seaborg, Modern Nuclear Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, New Jersey (2006).
J. Raseta, V. Kuntić and J. Brborić, Arh. Farm. (Belgr), 6, 537 (2003).
A. Kohen and H. Limbach, Isotope Effects in Chemistry and Biology, Taylor & Francis, London (2005).
B. Law, Immunoassay-A Practical Guide, UK Taylor & Francis e-Library (2005).
H.G. Gemmell and R.T. Staff, in eds.: P.F. Sharp, H.G. Gemmell and A.D. Murray, Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), In: Practical Nuclear Medicine, Springer-Verlag, London, edn 3 (2005).
A. Kjaer, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 587, 277 (2006); doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-5133-3_21.
K. Schwochau, Technetium, Chemistry and Radiopharmaceutical Application, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany (2000).
J. Steigman and W.C. Eckelman, The chemistry of Technetium in Medicine, Nuclear Science Series, National Academic Press, Washington D.C. (1992).
Radioisotopes in Medicine, April 2010; http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf55.html.
C. Perrier and E. Segrè, Nature, 140, 193 (1937); doi:10.1038/140193b0.
U. Mazzi, in ed.: I. Zolle, Technetium in Medicine. In: Technetium-99m Pharmaceuticals, Preparation and Quality Control in Nuclear Medicine, Springer Berlin Heidelberg (2007).
E. Deutsch, K.A. Glavan, V.J. Sodd, H. Nishiyama, D.L. Ferguson and S.J. Lukes, J. Nucl. Med., 22, 897 (1981).
I.C. Dormehl, D.W. Oliver, K.J. Langen, N. Hugo and S.A. Croft, J. Nucl. Med., 38, 1897 (1997).
B.L. Holman, R.S. Hellman, S.J. Goldsmith, I.G. Mean, J. Leveille, P.G. Gherardi, J.L. Moretti, A. Bischof-Delaloye, T.C. Hill, P.M. Rigo, R.L.V. Heertum, P.J. Ell, U. Buell, M.C. DeRoo and R.A. Morgan, J. Nucl. Med., 30, 1018 (1989).
I. Zolle, Technetium-99m Pharmaceuticals, Preparation and Quality Control in Nuclear Medicine, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg (2007).
J. Heo, V. Cave, V. Wasserleben and A.S. Iskandrian, J. Nucl. Cardiol., 1, 317 (1994); doi:10.1007/BF02939953.
B.L. Holman, K.A. Johnson, B. Gerada, P.A. Carvalho and A. Satlin, J. Nucl. Med., 33, 181 (1992).
J. Brboric, M. Jovanovic, S. Vranjes-Duric, O. Cudina, B. Markovic and S. Vladimirov, Appl. Radiat. Isot., 74, 31 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.12.014.
M. Jovanovic, J. Brboric, S. Vladimirov, B. Zmbova, Lj. Vuksanovic, D. Zivanov-Stakic and V. Obradovic, Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 240, 321 (1999); doi:10.1007/BF02349171.
P.F. Sharp and A. Welch, in eds.: P.F. Sharp, H.G. Gemmell and A.D. Murray, Positron Emission Tomography; In: Practical Nuclear Medicine, Springer–Verlag, London, edn 3 (2005).
P.A. Schubiger, L. Lehmann and M. Friebe, PET Chemistry, The Driving Force in Molecular Imaging. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg (2007).
G.B. Saha, Basic of PET Imaging. Physics, Chemistry and Regulations, Springer Science+Business Media (2005).
S. Mahner, S. Schirrmacher, W. Brenner, L. Jenicke, C.R. Habermann, N. Avril and J. Dose-Schwarz, Ann. Oncol., 19, 1249 (2008); doi:10.1093/annonc/mdn057.
S.J. DeNardo, Semin. Nucl. Med., 35, 143 (2005); doi:10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2004.12.001.
V. Kuntic, M. Stankovic, Z. Vujic, J. Brboric and S. Uskokovic-Markovic, Chem. Biodivers., 10, 1791 (2013); doi:10.1002/cbdv.201300054.

References

G.B. Saha, Fundamentals of Nuclear Pharmacy, Springer, New York, Heidelberg, Dordrecht, London, edn 6 (2010).

H.J. Biersack and L.M. Freeman, Clinical Nuclear Medicine. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, (2007).

A.H. Elgazzar, A Concise Guide to Nuclear Medicine, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg (2011).

R.S. Yalow and S.A. Berson, Nature, 184, 1648 (1959); doi:10.1038/1841648b0.

S. Christian, Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, edn 2, Revised Edition (2006).

R.J. Kowalsky and S.W. Falen, Radiopharmaceuticals in Nuclear Pharmacy & Nuclear Medicine, APhA Publications, edn 2 (2004).

G. Stöcklin and V.W. Pike, Radiopharmaceuticals for Positron Emission Tomography -Methodological Aspects (Developments in Nuclear Medicine), Springer (2002).

M. Neves, A. Kling and A. Oliveira, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 266, 377 (2005); doi:10.1007/s10967-005-0920-5.

J. Vucina and R. Han, Med. Pregl., 54, 245 (2001).

G.B. Saha, Physics and Radiobiology of Nuclear Medicine, Springer Science, New York, edn 3 (2006).

W. Loveland, D.J. Morrissey and G.T. Seaborg, Modern Nuclear Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, New Jersey (2006).

J. Raseta, V. Kuntić and J. Brborić, Arh. Farm. (Belgr), 6, 537 (2003).

A. Kohen and H. Limbach, Isotope Effects in Chemistry and Biology, Taylor & Francis, London (2005).

B. Law, Immunoassay-A Practical Guide, UK Taylor & Francis e-Library (2005).

H.G. Gemmell and R.T. Staff, in eds.: P.F. Sharp, H.G. Gemmell and A.D. Murray, Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), In: Practical Nuclear Medicine, Springer-Verlag, London, edn 3 (2005).

A. Kjaer, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 587, 277 (2006); doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-5133-3_21.

K. Schwochau, Technetium, Chemistry and Radiopharmaceutical Application, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany (2000).

J. Steigman and W.C. Eckelman, The chemistry of Technetium in Medicine, Nuclear Science Series, National Academic Press, Washington D.C. (1992).

Radioisotopes in Medicine, April 2010; http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf55.html.

C. Perrier and E. Segrè, Nature, 140, 193 (1937); doi:10.1038/140193b0.

U. Mazzi, in ed.: I. Zolle, Technetium in Medicine. In: Technetium-99m Pharmaceuticals, Preparation and Quality Control in Nuclear Medicine, Springer Berlin Heidelberg (2007).

E. Deutsch, K.A. Glavan, V.J. Sodd, H. Nishiyama, D.L. Ferguson and S.J. Lukes, J. Nucl. Med., 22, 897 (1981).

I.C. Dormehl, D.W. Oliver, K.J. Langen, N. Hugo and S.A. Croft, J. Nucl. Med., 38, 1897 (1997).

B.L. Holman, R.S. Hellman, S.J. Goldsmith, I.G. Mean, J. Leveille, P.G. Gherardi, J.L. Moretti, A. Bischof-Delaloye, T.C. Hill, P.M. Rigo, R.L.V. Heertum, P.J. Ell, U. Buell, M.C. DeRoo and R.A. Morgan, J. Nucl. Med., 30, 1018 (1989).

I. Zolle, Technetium-99m Pharmaceuticals, Preparation and Quality Control in Nuclear Medicine, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg (2007).

J. Heo, V. Cave, V. Wasserleben and A.S. Iskandrian, J. Nucl. Cardiol., 1, 317 (1994); doi:10.1007/BF02939953.

B.L. Holman, K.A. Johnson, B. Gerada, P.A. Carvalho and A. Satlin, J. Nucl. Med., 33, 181 (1992).

J. Brboric, M. Jovanovic, S. Vranjes-Duric, O. Cudina, B. Markovic and S. Vladimirov, Appl. Radiat. Isot., 74, 31 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.12.014.

M. Jovanovic, J. Brboric, S. Vladimirov, B. Zmbova, Lj. Vuksanovic, D. Zivanov-Stakic and V. Obradovic, Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 240, 321 (1999); doi:10.1007/BF02349171.

P.F. Sharp and A. Welch, in eds.: P.F. Sharp, H.G. Gemmell and A.D. Murray, Positron Emission Tomography; In: Practical Nuclear Medicine, Springer–Verlag, London, edn 3 (2005).

P.A. Schubiger, L. Lehmann and M. Friebe, PET Chemistry, The Driving Force in Molecular Imaging. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg (2007).

G.B. Saha, Basic of PET Imaging. Physics, Chemistry and Regulations, Springer Science+Business Media (2005).

S. Mahner, S. Schirrmacher, W. Brenner, L. Jenicke, C.R. Habermann, N. Avril and J. Dose-Schwarz, Ann. Oncol., 19, 1249 (2008); doi:10.1093/annonc/mdn057.

S.J. DeNardo, Semin. Nucl. Med., 35, 143 (2005); doi:10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2004.12.001.

V. Kuntic, M. Stankovic, Z. Vujic, J. Brboric and S. Uskokovic-Markovic, Chem. Biodivers., 10, 1791 (2013); doi:10.1002/cbdv.201300054.

Issue

Vol. 28 No. 2 (2016): Vol 28 Issue 2

Radioisotopes Used as Radiotracers for in vitro and in vivo Diagnostics: A Review

Corresponding Author(s) : Snezana Uskokovic-Markovic

Abstract

Keywords

Full Article

Download Citation

References

Table Of Contents