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Lead(II)-Selective Coated Graphite Electrode Based on Benzo-18-crown-6
Corresponding Author(s) : Gholam Hossein Rounaghi
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 25 No. 2 (2013): Vol 25 Issue 2
Abstract
A lead(II)-selective coated graphite electrode based on benzo-18-crown-6 (B18C6) was prepared. This electrode with the membrane composition of 20 % dioctylphthalate, 55 % poly(vinyl chloride), 20 % carbon powder and 4 % benzo-18-crown-6, exhibited a near Nernstian response toward Pb(II) cation over a concentration range 1.0 ×10-5 to 1.0 ×10-1 M with a slope of 28.8 mV per decade and detection limit of 5.0 ×10-6 M. Furthermore, it showed a response time of 30 s and can be used for 3 months without any divergence in potentials. The useful pH range of this electrode is 1.5-5.0. To assess its analytical applicability, the constructed electrode was successfully applied as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of Pb(II) ion solution with EDTA.
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- R.N. Reeve, Introduction to Environmental Analysis, Wiley & Sons. Chichester, UK, edn. 1 (2002).
- M.A. Arnold and M.E. Meyerhoff, Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 20, 149 (1988).
- K. Kimura and T. Shono, in eds.: Y. Inoue and G.W. Gokel, Complexation of Cationic Species by Crown Ethers, In Cation Binding by Macrocycle, Marcel-Dekker, New York (1990).
- G. Zarei and F. Zonouzi, Asian J. Chem., 21, 6819 (2009).
- P. Buhlmann, E. Pretsch and E. Bakker, Chem. Rev., 98, 1593 (1998).
- H. Tsukube, Talanta, 40, 1313 (1993).
- P. Oggenfuss, W.E. Morf, U. Oesch, D. Ammann, E. Pretsch and W. Simon, Anal. Chim. Acta, 180, 299 (1986).
- Y. Umezawa, P. Buhlmann, K. Umezawa, K. Tohda and S. Amemiya, Pure Appl. Chem., 72, 1995 (2000).
- E. Bakker, P. Buhlmann and E. Pretsch, Chem. Rev., 97, 3083 (1997).
- E. Bakker, P. Buhlmann and E. Pretsch, Electroanalysis, 11, 915 (1999).
- E. Bakker, D. Diamond, A. Lewenstam and E. Pretsch, Anal. Chim. Acta, 393, 11 (1999).
- A. Abbaspour and F. Tavakol, Anal. Chim. Acta, 378, 145 (1999).
- H. Radecka, J. Radecki and W. Dehaen, Anal. Sci., 15, 1109 (1999).
- A. Abbaspour and B. Khajeh, Anal. Sci., 18, 987 (2002).
- F. Cadogan, P. Kane, M.A. Mckervey and D. Diamond, Anal. Chem., 71, 5544 (1999).
- A. Abbaspour and A. Izadyar, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 386, 1559 (2006).
- M.R. Ganjali, M. Hosseini, F. Basiripour, M. Javanbakht, O.M. Hashemi, M. Rastegar, V. Fall, M. Shamsipur and G. Buchanen, Anal. Chim. Acta, 464, 181 (2002).
- M.M. Ardakany, A.A. Ensafi, H. Naeimi,A. Dastanpour and A. Shamlli, Sens. Actuators B, 96, 441 (2003).
- M. Fouskaki and N.A. Chaniotakis, Anal. Chem., 77, 1780 (2005).
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- M. Shamsipur, S.Y. Kazemi, K. Niknam and H. Sharghi, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 23, 53 (2002).
- M. Shamsipur, S.Y. Kazemi and H. Sharghi, Sensors, 7, 438 (2007).
- S.Y. Kazemia, M. Shamsipur and H. Sharghi, J. Hazard. Mater., 172, 68 (2009).
- M. Soylak, I. Narin, M.A. Bezerra and S.L.C. Ferreira, Talanta, 65, 895 (2005).
- S. Kamata and K. Onoyama, Anal. Chem., 63, 1295 (1991).
- S.K. Srivastava, V.K. Gupta and S. Jain, Analyst, 120, 495 (1995).
- D. Midgley, Anal. Chim. Acta, 159, 63 (1984).
- C.C. Su, M.C. Chang and L.K. Liu, Anal. Chim. Acta, 432, 261 (2001).
- S. Sadeghi, G.R. Dashti and M. Shamsipur, Sens. Actuators B, 81, 223 (2002).
- M.F. Mousavi, S. Sahari, N. Alizadeh and M. Shamsipur, Anal. Chim. Acta, 414, 189 (2000).
- S. Sadeghi and M. Shamsipur, Anal. Lett., 33, 17 (2000).
- M.R. Fathi, F. Darviche and M.R. Ganjali, Anal. Lett., 33, 1025 (2000).
- A. Abbaspour and F. Tavakol, Anal. Chim. Acta, 378, 145 (1999).
- M.M. Ardakani, H.R. Zare, N. Nasirizadeh and J. Safari, Can. J. Anal. Sci. Spectr., 49, 226 (2004).
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References
R.N. Reeve, Introduction to Environmental Analysis, Wiley & Sons. Chichester, UK, edn. 1 (2002).
M.A. Arnold and M.E. Meyerhoff, Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 20, 149 (1988).
K. Kimura and T. Shono, in eds.: Y. Inoue and G.W. Gokel, Complexation of Cationic Species by Crown Ethers, In Cation Binding by Macrocycle, Marcel-Dekker, New York (1990).
G. Zarei and F. Zonouzi, Asian J. Chem., 21, 6819 (2009).
P. Buhlmann, E. Pretsch and E. Bakker, Chem. Rev., 98, 1593 (1998).
H. Tsukube, Talanta, 40, 1313 (1993).
P. Oggenfuss, W.E. Morf, U. Oesch, D. Ammann, E. Pretsch and W. Simon, Anal. Chim. Acta, 180, 299 (1986).
Y. Umezawa, P. Buhlmann, K. Umezawa, K. Tohda and S. Amemiya, Pure Appl. Chem., 72, 1995 (2000).
E. Bakker, P. Buhlmann and E. Pretsch, Chem. Rev., 97, 3083 (1997).
E. Bakker, P. Buhlmann and E. Pretsch, Electroanalysis, 11, 915 (1999).
E. Bakker, D. Diamond, A. Lewenstam and E. Pretsch, Anal. Chim. Acta, 393, 11 (1999).
A. Abbaspour and F. Tavakol, Anal. Chim. Acta, 378, 145 (1999).
H. Radecka, J. Radecki and W. Dehaen, Anal. Sci., 15, 1109 (1999).
A. Abbaspour and B. Khajeh, Anal. Sci., 18, 987 (2002).
F. Cadogan, P. Kane, M.A. Mckervey and D. Diamond, Anal. Chem., 71, 5544 (1999).
A. Abbaspour and A. Izadyar, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 386, 1559 (2006).
M.R. Ganjali, M. Hosseini, F. Basiripour, M. Javanbakht, O.M. Hashemi, M. Rastegar, V. Fall, M. Shamsipur and G. Buchanen, Anal. Chim. Acta, 464, 181 (2002).
M.M. Ardakany, A.A. Ensafi, H. Naeimi,A. Dastanpour and A. Shamlli, Sens. Actuators B, 96, 441 (2003).
M. Fouskaki and N.A. Chaniotakis, Anal. Chem., 77, 1780 (2005).
T. Katsu, K. Ido, K. Takaishi and H. Yokosu, Sens. Actuators B, 87, 331 (2002).
R.P. Buck and E. Lindner, Pure Appl. Chem., 66, 2527 (1994).
O. Dinten, U.E. Spichiger, N. Chaniotakis, P. Gehrig, B. Rusterholz, W.E. Morf and W. Simon, Anal. Chem., 63, 596 (1991).
M. Shamsipur, S.Y. Kazemi, K. Niknam and H. Sharghi, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 23, 53 (2002).
M. Shamsipur, S.Y. Kazemi and H. Sharghi, Sensors, 7, 438 (2007).
S.Y. Kazemia, M. Shamsipur and H. Sharghi, J. Hazard. Mater., 172, 68 (2009).
M. Soylak, I. Narin, M.A. Bezerra and S.L.C. Ferreira, Talanta, 65, 895 (2005).
S. Kamata and K. Onoyama, Anal. Chem., 63, 1295 (1991).
S.K. Srivastava, V.K. Gupta and S. Jain, Analyst, 120, 495 (1995).
D. Midgley, Anal. Chim. Acta, 159, 63 (1984).
C.C. Su, M.C. Chang and L.K. Liu, Anal. Chim. Acta, 432, 261 (2001).
S. Sadeghi, G.R. Dashti and M. Shamsipur, Sens. Actuators B, 81, 223 (2002).
M.F. Mousavi, S. Sahari, N. Alizadeh and M. Shamsipur, Anal. Chim. Acta, 414, 189 (2000).
S. Sadeghi and M. Shamsipur, Anal. Lett., 33, 17 (2000).
M.R. Fathi, F. Darviche and M.R. Ganjali, Anal. Lett., 33, 1025 (2000).
A. Abbaspour and F. Tavakol, Anal. Chim. Acta, 378, 145 (1999).
M.M. Ardakani, H.R. Zare, N. Nasirizadeh and J. Safari, Can. J. Anal. Sci. Spectr., 49, 226 (2004).
M.M. Ardakani, P. Pourhakak and M. Salavati-Niasari, Anal. Sci., 22, 865 (2006)