Characterization of Extracted Lipid Obtained from Subcritical Water Extraction of Wet Algae for Biodiesel Production

W. Sitthithanaboon; V. Punsuvon; P. Vaithanomsat

doi:10.14233/ajchem.2015.18858

Issue

Vol. 27 No. 8 (2015): Vol 27 Issue 8

Issue Published : April 27, 2015

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Characterization of Extracted Lipid Obtained from Subcritical Water Extraction of Wet Algae for Biodiesel Production

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2015.18858

W. Sitthithanaboon

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center for Advanced studies in Tropical Natural Resources, National Research University, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand

V. Punsuvon

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence-Oil Palm, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand

P. Vaithanomsat

Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand

Corresponding Author(s) : V. Punsuvon

fscivit@ku.ac.th

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 27 No. 8 (2015): Vol 27 Issue 8
Article Published : April 28, 2015

Abstract

In this research, subcritical water at 200 °C for 0.5 h was shown to improve the efficiency for lipid extraction from wet algae Nannochloropsis gaditana (80 % moisture content), compared to the conventional solvent extraction method. Scanning electron microscopy was used to confirm the algae cell collapsed after extraction. The composition of extracted lipid was analyzed by gas chromatography. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy were also conducted to study the properties of extracted lipid. The predominant fatty acids of algae lipid were shown to be palmitic acid (37.35-38.48 %), palmitoleic acid (28.54-32.85 %) and oleic acid (14.24-11.18 %). The 56.61 % wt. of free fatty acid was also detected. These properties indicated the possibility of extracted lipid as raw material for biodiesel production via two steps of reaction (esterification and transesterification).

Keywords

Subcritical water extraction Wet microalgae Biodiesel Lipid Characterization

Sitthithanaboon, W., Punsuvon, V., & Vaithanomsat, P. (2015). Characterization of Extracted Lipid Obtained from Subcritical Water Extraction of Wet Algae for Biodiesel Production. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 27(8), 3044–3048. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2015.18858

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G.H. Huang, F. Chen, D. Wei, X.W. Zhang and G. Chen, Appl. Energy, 87, 38 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.06.016.

A. Singh, S.I. Olsen and P.S. Nigam, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 86, 1349 (2011); doi:10.1002/jctb.2666.

Y. Chisti, Biotechnol. Adv., 25, 294 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2007.02.001.

L. Brennan and P. Owende, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 14, 557 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.rser.2009.10.009.

M. Chen, T. Liu, X. Chen, L. Chen, W. Zhang, J. Wang, L. Gao, Y. Chen and X. Peng, Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 114, 205 (2012); doi:10.1002/ejlt.201100120.

L. Lardon, A. Hélias, B. Sialve, J.-P. Steyer and O. Bernard, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 6475 (2009); doi:10.1021/es900705j.

H.K. Reddy, T. Muppaneni, Y. Sun, Y. Li, S. Ponnusamy, P.D. Patil, P. Dailey, T. Schaub, F.O. Holguin, B. Dungan, P. Cooke, P. Lammers, W. Voorhies, X. Lu and S. Deng, Fuel, 133, 73 (2014); doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2014.04.081.

P.E. Savage, J. Supercrit. Fluids, 47, 407 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2008.09.007.

P.L. Tran Nguyen, A.W. Go, L.H. Huynh and Y.H. Ju, Biomass Bioenergy, 59, 532 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.08.031.

L.H. Huynh, N.S. Kasim and Y.H. Ju, Bioresour. Technol., 101, 8891 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.135.

R.A. Anderson, J.A. Berges, P.J. Harrison and M.M. Watanabe, in ed.: R.A. Anderson, Algal Culturing Techniques, Elsevier Academic Press (2005).

J. Folch, M. Lees and G.H.S. Stanley, J. Biol. Chem., 226, 497 (1957).

H. Yang, J. Irudayaraj and M.M. Paradkar, Food Chem., 93, 25 (2005); doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.08.039.

S.T.H. Sherazi, S.A. Mahesar, M.I. Bhanger, F.R. van de Voort and J. Sedman, J. Agric. Food Chem., 55, 4928 (2007); doi:10.1021/jf063554f.

X. Yu, S. Du, F.R. Voort, T. Yue and Z. Li, Anal. Sci., 25, 627 (2009); doi:10.2116/analsci.25.627.

S. Ng, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 77, 749 (2000); doi:10.1007/s11746-000-0120-7.

R. Sacchi, F. Addeo and L. Paolillo, Magn. Reson. Chem., 35, S133 (1997); doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-458X(199712)35:133.0.CO;2-K.

F. Jin, K. Kawasaki, H. Kishida, K. Tohji, T. Moriya and H. Enomoto, Fuel, 86, 1201 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2006.10.013.

M.J. Ramos, C.M. Fernández, A. Casas, L. Rodríguez and Á. Pérez, Bioresour. Technol., 100, 261 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2008.06.039.

S. Changi, A.J. Matzger and P.E. Savage, Green Chem., 14, 2856 (2012); doi:10.1039/c2gc35639b.

L. Chen, L.T. Liu, W. Zhang, X. Chen and J. Wang, Bioresour. Technol., 111, 208 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.033.

Issue

Vol. 27 No. 8 (2015): Vol 27 Issue 8

Characterization of Extracted Lipid Obtained from Subcritical Water Extraction of Wet Algae for Biodiesel Production

Corresponding Author(s) : V. Punsuvon

Abstract

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