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Synthesis, Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties of Two Novel Heterobinuclear Ru(II)/Fe(II) Complexes
Corresponding Author(s) : Feixiang Cheng
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 27 No. 7 (2015): Vol 27 Issue 7, 2015
Abstract
Two polypyridyl ligands namely 5-(2-ferrocenylethynyl)-2,2'-bipyridine (L1) and 3-(2-ferrocenylethynyl)-1,10-phenanthroline (L2) and corresponding Ru(II) complexes [(bpy)2Ru(L1-2)](PF6)2 (Ru-L1, Ru-L2) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) have been synthesized and characterized. Both ligands were synthesized by cross-coupling reactions of ethynyl ferrocene with 5-bromo-2,2'-bipyridine and 3-bromo-1,10-phenanthroline, respectively, in the presence of (PPh3)2PdCl2, CuI and Et3N under nitrogen atmosphere. The Ru(II) complexes, [(bpy)2Ru(L1)](PF6)2 and [(bpy)2Ru(L2)](PF6)2, have been obtained by refluxing Ru(bpy)2Cl2·2H2O with each ligand in ethanol under nitrogen atmosphere. The spectroscopic behaviour of both heterobinuclear complexes was investigated with UV/visible absorption and emission spectroscopy. Both complexes exhibit metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) absorption at around 450 nm. Complex Ru-L1 is non-emissive and Ru-L2 exhibits weak fluorescence in CH3CN solution at room temperature. In 4:1 EtOH:MeOH glassy matrix at 77 K, both complexes display weak fluorescence. Electrochemical studies of the two complexes display two metal-centered and three ligand-centered redox couples.
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- (a) M.T. Indelli, C. Chiorboli, F. Scandola, E. Iengo, P. Osswald and F. Würthner, J. Phys. Chem. B, 114, 14495 (2010); doi:10.1021/jp101849m; (b) R. Selvaraj, K. Qi, S.M.Z. Al-Kindy, M. Sillanpää, Y. Kim and C.-W. Tai, RSC Adv., 4, 15371 (2014); doi:10.1039/c4ra00483c.
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- J. Polin, H. Schottenberger, B. Anderson and S.F. Martin, Org. Synth., 73, 262 (1996).
- F.M. Romero and R. Ziessel, Tetrahedron Lett., 36, 6471 (1995); doi:10.1016/0040-4039(95)01306-3.
- D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, F. Salvatorre and S. Jay Siegel, Tetrahedron Lett., 36, 3489 (1995); doi:10.1016/0040-4039(95)00572-T.
- T. Bogaschenko, S. Basok, C. Kulygina, A. Lyapunov and N. Lukyanenko, Synthesis, 2266 (2002); doi:10.1055/s-2002-34853.
- B.P. Sullivan, D.J. Salmon and T.J. Meyer, Inorg. Chem., 17, 3334 (1978); doi:10.1021/ic50190a006.
- J.N. Demas and J.W. Addington, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 98, 5800 (1976); doi:10.1021/ja00435a010.
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- D.P. Rillema and K.B. Mack, Inorg. Chem., 21, 3849 (1982); doi:10.1021/ic00140a053.
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- (a) J.D. Knoll, S.M. Arachchige, G. Wang, K. Rangan, R. Miao, S.L.H. Higgins, B. Okyere, M. Zhao, P. Croasdale, K. Magruder, B. Sinclair, C. Wall and K.J. Brewer, Inorg. Chem., 50, 8850 (2011); doi:10.1021/ic200793f; (b) K.-Q. Wu, J. Guo, J.-F. Yan, L.-L. Xie, F.-B. Xu, S. Bai, P. Nockemann and Y.-F. Yuan, Dalton Trans., 41, 11000 (2012); doi:10.1039/c2dt31091k; (c) D. Saha, S. Das, S. Mardanya and S. Baitalik, Dalton Trans., 41, 8886 (2012); doi:10.1039/c2dt30633f; (d) S.-H. Wu, J.-J. Shen, J. Yao and Y.-W. Zhong, Chem. Asian J., 8, 138 (2013); doi:10.1002/asia.201200900; (e) S. Das, S. Karmakar, S. Mardanya and S. Baitalik, Dalton Trans., 43, 3767 (2014); doi:10.1039/c3dt52424h.
References
(a) M.T. Indelli, C. Chiorboli, F. Scandola, E. Iengo, P. Osswald and F. Würthner, J. Phys. Chem. B, 114, 14495 (2010); doi:10.1021/jp101849m; (b) R. Selvaraj, K. Qi, S.M.Z. Al-Kindy, M. Sillanpää, Y. Kim and C.-W. Tai, RSC Adv., 4, 15371 (2014); doi:10.1039/c4ra00483c.
(a) M. Schmittel, Q. Shu and M.E. Cinar, Dalton Trans., 41, 6064 (2012); doi:10.1039/c2dt30303e; (b) C. Bhaumik, S. Das, D. Maity and S. Baitalik, Dalton Trans., 41, 2427 (2012); doi:10.1039/c1dt11645b; (c) J.D. Knoll, S.L.H. Higgins, T.A. White and K.J. Brewer, Inorg. Chem., 52, 9749 (2013); doi:10.1021/ic4004406; (d) D. Maity, C. Bhaumik, D. Mondal and S. Baitalik, Inorg. Chem., 52, 13941 (2013); doi:10.1021/ic401582m; (e) D. Maity, C. Bhaumik, S. Karmakar and S. Baitalik, Inorg. Chem., 52, 7933 (2013); doi:10.1021/ic400449c.
(a) F. Cheng, J. Chen, F. Wang, N. Tang and L. Chen, Transition Met. Chem., 36, 573 (2011); doi:10.1007/s11243-011-9504-0; (b) F. Cheng, C. He, H. Yin and N. Tang, Transition Met. Chem., 38, 259 (2013); doi:10.1007/s11243-012-9686-0; (c) F. Cheng, C. He, H. Yin and N. Tang, Spectrochim. Acta A, 114, 159 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.saa.2013.05.059; (d) K.J. Cho, D.W. Ryu, K.S. Lim, W.R. Lee, J.W. Lee, E.K. Koh and C.S. Hong, Dalton Trans., 42, 5796 (2013); doi:10.1039/c3dt32563f.
(a) B. Bosnich, Acc. Chem. Res., 2, 266 (1969); doi:10.1021/ar50021a002; (b) D. Tzalis and Y. Tor, Tetrahedron Lett., 36, 6017 (1995); doi:10.1016/0040-4039(95)01190-S; (c) M. Karnahl, S. Krieck, H. Gorls, S. Tschierlei, M. Schmitt, J. Popp, D. Chartrand, G.S. Hanan, R. Groarke, J.G. Vos and S. Rau, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 33, 4962 (2009); doi:10.1002/ejic.200900310.
(a) E. Goransson, J. Boixel, J. Fortage, D. Jacquemin, H.-C. Becker, E. Blart, L. Hammarstrom and F. Odobel, Inorg. Chem., 51, 11500 (2012); doi:10.1021/ic3013552; (b) G. Duvanel, J. Grilj and E. Vauthey, J. Phys. Chem. A, 117, 918 (2013); doi:10.1021/jp311540x; (c) M. Natali, M. Ravaglia, F. Scandola, J. Boixel, Y. Pellegrin, E. Blart and F. Odobel, J. Phys. Chem. C, 117, 19334 (2013); doi:10.1021/jp406405k; (d) D.C. O’Hanlon, B.W. Cohen, D.B. Moravec, R.F. Dallinger and M.D. Hopkins, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 136, 3127 (2014); doi:10.1021/ja411354d; (e) K. Stranius, V. Iashin, T. Nikkonen, M. Muuronen, J. Helaja and N. Tkachenko, J. Phys. Chem. A, 118, 1420 (2014); doi:10.1021/jp412442t.
J. Polin, H. Schottenberger, B. Anderson and S.F. Martin, Org. Synth., 73, 262 (1996).
F.M. Romero and R. Ziessel, Tetrahedron Lett., 36, 6471 (1995); doi:10.1016/0040-4039(95)01306-3.
D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, F. Salvatorre and S. Jay Siegel, Tetrahedron Lett., 36, 3489 (1995); doi:10.1016/0040-4039(95)00572-T.
T. Bogaschenko, S. Basok, C. Kulygina, A. Lyapunov and N. Lukyanenko, Synthesis, 2266 (2002); doi:10.1055/s-2002-34853.
B.P. Sullivan, D.J. Salmon and T.J. Meyer, Inorg. Chem., 17, 3334 (1978); doi:10.1021/ic50190a006.
J.N. Demas and J.W. Addington, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 98, 5800 (1976); doi:10.1021/ja00435a010.
P.D. Beer, O. Kocian, R.J. Mortimer and C. Ridgway, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 20, 1460 (1991); doi:10.1039/c39910001460.
(a) B. Geißer and R. Alsfasser, Inorg. Chim. Acta, 344, 102 (2003); doi:10.1016/S0020-1693(02)01339-7; (b) K.-Q. Wu, J. Guo, J.-F. Yan, L.-L. Xie, F.-B. Xu, S. Bai, P. Nockemann and Y.-F. Yuan, Organometallics, 30, 3504 (2011); doi:10.1021/om200113d; (c) M. Piotrowicz and J. Zakrzewski, Organometallics, 32, 5709 (2013); doi:10.1021/om400410u.
D.P. Rillema and K.B. Mack, Inorg. Chem., 21, 3849 (1982); doi:10.1021/ic00140a053.
L.J. Charbonniere, R.F. Ziessel, C.A. Sams and A. Harriman, Inorg. Chem., 42, 3466 (2003); doi:10.1021/ic020671t.
(a) J.D. Knoll, S.M. Arachchige, G. Wang, K. Rangan, R. Miao, S.L.H. Higgins, B. Okyere, M. Zhao, P. Croasdale, K. Magruder, B. Sinclair, C. Wall and K.J. Brewer, Inorg. Chem., 50, 8850 (2011); doi:10.1021/ic200793f; (b) K.-Q. Wu, J. Guo, J.-F. Yan, L.-L. Xie, F.-B. Xu, S. Bai, P. Nockemann and Y.-F. Yuan, Dalton Trans., 41, 11000 (2012); doi:10.1039/c2dt31091k; (c) D. Saha, S. Das, S. Mardanya and S. Baitalik, Dalton Trans., 41, 8886 (2012); doi:10.1039/c2dt30633f; (d) S.-H. Wu, J.-J. Shen, J. Yao and Y.-W. Zhong, Chem. Asian J., 8, 138 (2013); doi:10.1002/asia.201200900; (e) S. Das, S. Karmakar, S. Mardanya and S. Baitalik, Dalton Trans., 43, 3767 (2014); doi:10.1039/c3dt52424h.