Composition and Sensorial Characteristics of Tap and Bottled Drinking Water in Pakistan

Kousar Yasmeen; Iftikhar Saeed; Atta-ur-Rehman; Muhammad Ali  Versiani; Sajid Jahangir; Muhammad Aslam Mirza

doi:10.14233/ajchem.2016.19233

Issue

Vol. 28 No. 1 (2016): Vol 28 Issue 1

Issue Published : October 5, 2015

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Composition and Sensorial Characteristics of Tap and Bottled Drinking Water in Pakistan

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2016.19233

Kousar Yasmeen

Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus, Karachi-75300, Pakistan

Iftikhar Saeed

Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus, Karachi-75300, Pakistan

Atta-ur-Rehman

Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus, Karachi-75300, Pakistan

Muhammad Ali Versiani

Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus, Karachi-75300, Pakistan

Sajid Jahangir

Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus, Karachi-75300, Pakistan

Muhammad Aslam Mirza

Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science & Technology, Mirpur-10250, Pakistan

Corresponding Author(s) : Muhammad Aslam Mirza

ma_mirza64@yahoo.com; aslamchem@must.edu.pk

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 28 No. 1 (2016): Vol 28 Issue 1
Article Published : October 5, 2015

Abstract

An attempt has been made to correlate the drinking water physiochemical characteristics and their sensorial implications with consumer’s satisfaction and preferences. An interrelationship between consumption patterns and product development has also been studied. By using multi-variant statistical and conjoint analysis the demographic, psychological and personal behaviour have been magnified to understand the marketing critics behind an incremented usage of bottled water. This research reveals that sensorial acceptability is synergistically influenced by complex physiochemical composition. Furthermore the population of low income per capita’s region have been given priority to health concern over taste as in a reason regarding bottled water usage. Moreover; willing to pay behaviour found differed by gender basis, they often display an identical mindset while purchasing bottled water throughout several conditions in spite of demographic variables. Managerial implications and suggestions for both bottled water producers and local water distributors for further advancement have been discussed.

Keywords

Physiochemical Sensory Correlations Marketing Preference Perception

Yasmeen, K., Saeed, I., Atta-ur-Rehman, ., Versiani, M. A. ., Jahangir, S., & Mirza, M. A. (2015). Composition and Sensorial Characteristics of Tap and Bottled Drinking Water in Pakistan. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 28(1), 75–85. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2016.19233

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References

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L. Sipos, Ph.D. Dissertation, Analysis of Mineral Water Consumption Patterns and Sensory Evaluation of Mineral Waters, Corvinus University of Budapest Landscape-Architecture and Decision Support System Doctoral School, p. 15 (2009).
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A. Ikem, S. Odueyungbo, N.O. Egiebor and K. Nyavor, Sci. Total Environ., 285, 165 (2002); doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00915-9.
M.M. Abd El-Salam, E.M. El-Ghitany and M.M. Kassem, J. Egypt. Public Health Assoc., 83, 468 (2008).
J.W. Alba and J.W. Hutchinson, J. Consum. Res., 13, 411 (1987); doi:10.1086/209080.
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M.A. Mirza, M.A. Choudhary, M.Y. Khuhawar and R. Arain, Int. J. Eng. Tech. Res., 2, 362 (2014).
M.A. Mirza, M.Y. Khuhawar, R. Arain, M.A. Choudhary and K.P. Mahar, Asian J. Chem., 27, 1658 (2015); doi:10.14233/ajchem.2015.17443.

References

M. Falahee, and A.W. MacRae, Consumer Appraisal of Drinking Water: Multidimensional Scaling Analysis, 6(4), 327 (1995).

L. Sipos, Ph.D. Dissertation, Analysis of Mineral Water Consumption Patterns and Sensory Evaluation of Mineral Waters, Corvinus University of Budapest Landscape-Architecture and Decision Support System Doctoral School, p. 15 (2009).

M.F. Doria, J. Water Health, 4, 271 (2006).

American Society for Testing & Materials, Philadelphia, PA, AWWA, WEF, APHA (1999).

J.C. Lou, W.L. Lee and J.Y. Han, J. Environ. Manage., 82, 1 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.11.017.

T. Reutterer and H.W. Kotzab, Ind. Mark. Manage., 29, 27 (2000); doi:10.1016/S0019-8501(99)00109-1.

M. Brucks, J. Consum. Res., 12, 1 (1985); doi:10.1086/209031.

E. Larmond, Laboratory Methods for Sensory Evaluation of Foods, Research Branch Canada, Department of Agriculture, Pub. No. 1637, Ottawa, USA, 44 (1977).

N.S. Bhandari and K. Nayal, E-J. Chemistry, 5, 342 (2008); doi:10.1155/2008/140986.

P. Vikal, Int. J., 1, 97 (2009).

P.L. Kempster, H.R.V. Vliet, and A. Kuhn, Water SA, 23, 163 (1997).

M. Koseki, A. Nakagawa, Y. Tanaka, H. Noguchi and T. Omochi, J. Food Sci., 68, 354 (2003); doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb14164.x.

D.P. Gupta, Sunita and J.P. Saharan, Researcher, 1, 1 (2009).

PSQCA, Pakistan Standards Specification of Bottled Drinking Water, 3rd Revision, PS: 46392004 (R), Under Compulsory Certification Marks Scheme, Pakistan Standards and Quality Control Authority, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan (2004).

P. Kendall, Drinking Water Quality and Health, No. 9.307, Colorado State: Colorado State University Extension Food Science and Human Nutrition (2007).

Center for Educational Technologies (CET), NASA-Supported Class-room of the Future, COTF Classroom of the Future, Exploring the Environment: Water Quality, Wheeling Jesuit University (2004); http://ete.cet.edu/modules/waterq3/WQintermpuzzle.html.

C.N. McCarty, P. L. and G.F. Parkin, Chemistry for Environmental Engineering, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, edn 4 (2000).

World Health Organization (WHO), Chloride in Drinking-Water, Background Document for Development, WHO Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, WHO/SDE/WSH/03.04/03, World Health Organization. Geneva (2003), Originally Published in Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, edn 2, vol. 2, Health Criteria and Other Supporting Information, World Health Organization, Geneva (1996).

M.M. Abd El-Salam, E.M. El-Ghitany and M.M. Kassem, J. Egypt. Public Health Assoc., 83, 369 (2008).

World Health Organization (WHO), Environmental Health Criteria, 18: Arsenic, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (1993).

W.F. Harrigan, Laboratory Methods in Food Microbiology, Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA, edn 3, p. 532 (1998).

A. Ikem, S. Odueyungbo, N.O. Egiebor and K. Nyavor, Sci. Total Environ., 285, 165 (2002); doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00915-9.

M.M. Abd El-Salam, E.M. El-Ghitany and M.M. Kassem, J. Egypt. Public Health Assoc., 83, 468 (2008).

J.W. Alba and J.W. Hutchinson, J. Consum. Res., 13, 411 (1987); doi:10.1086/209080.

K.B. Murray and J.L. Schlacter, J. Acad. Mark. Sci., 18, 51 (1990); doi:10.1007/BF02729762.

M.A. Mirza, M.A. Choudhary, M.Y. Khuhawar and R. Arain, Int. J. Eng. Tech. Res., 2, 362 (2014).

M.A. Mirza, M.Y. Khuhawar, R. Arain, M.A. Choudhary and K.P. Mahar, Asian J. Chem., 27, 1658 (2015); doi:10.14233/ajchem.2015.17443.

Issue

Vol. 28 No. 1 (2016): Vol 28 Issue 1

Composition and Sensorial Characteristics of Tap and Bottled Drinking Water in Pakistan

Corresponding Author(s) : Muhammad Aslam Mirza

Abstract

Keywords

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