Copyright (c) 2015 AJC
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Synthesis and Photocatalytic Efficiency of Sunlight Driven Novel Ternary Metal Oxide Nanophotocatalyst
Corresponding Author(s) : Inam Ullah
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 27 No. 4 (2015): Vol 27 Issue 4
Abstract
Effluents from the textile industry usually contain high concentrations of organics and are characterized by deep colour as well as high in chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon values. Dyes from dyeing operations are the major source of colour in textile effluents. Currently many physical and chemical techniques are available for treatment but these are costly and have disposal problem at industrial level. In the present study co-precipitation method was used to prepare sunlight driven efficient nanophotocatalyst aluminium zinc ferrite (Al1-xZnxFe2O4). It was characterized for its structural properties by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microcopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by degrading reactive black B dye under sunlight irradiation with the help of UV-visible spectrophotometer. The observed photo degradation rate was 91 % in 120 min. Aluminium zinc ferrite photocatalyst was separated from reaction mixture and recycled for 7 cycles of reuse without appreciable loss of activity.
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- M.N. Rashed and A.A. El-Amin, Int. J. Phys. Sci., 2, 73 (2007).
- R.J. Maguire, Water Sci. Technol., 26, 265 (1992).
- S. Parsons, Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater, IWA Publishing, London, UK (2004).
- M.Z. Alam, S. Ahmad, A. Malik and M. Ahmad, Ecotox. Environ. Saf., 73, 1620 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.07.009.
- C. O’Neill, A. Lopez, S. Esteves, F.R. Hawkes, D.L. Hawkes and S. Wilcox, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 53, 249 (1999); doi:10.1007/s002530050016.
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- M.A. Rauf, S.M. Qadri, S. Ashraf and K.M. Al-Mansoori, Chem. Eng. J., 150, 90 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.cej.2008.12.008.
- V.K. Sharma, G.A.K. Anquandah, R.A. Yngard, H. Kim, J. Fekete, K. Bouzek, A.K. Ray and D. Golovko, J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A, 44, 423 (2009); doi:10.1080/10934520902719704.
- F. Ge, L. Zhu and J. Wang, Desalination, 225, 156 (2008); doi:10.1016/j.desal.2007.03.016.
- M. Riera-Torres, C. Gutiérrez-Bouzán and M. Crespi, Desalination, 252, 53 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.desal.2009.11.002.
- A.L. Ahmad and S.W. Puasa, Chem. Eng. J., 132, 257 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.cej.2007.01.005.
- K. Shakir, A.F. Elkafrawy, H.F. Ghoneimy, S.G. Elrab Beheir and M. Refaat, Water Res., 44, 1449 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.10.029.
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- H. Jirankova, J. Mrazek, P. Dolecek and J. Cakl, Water Treat., 20, 96 (2010); doi:10.5004/dwt.2010.1170.
- V.M. Egorov, S.V. Smirnova and I.V. Pletnev, Sep. Purif. Technol., 63, 710 (2008); doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2008.06.024.
- R.S. Juang, W.C. Huang and Y.H. Hsu, J. Hazard. Mater., 164, 46 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.07.116.
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- K.M. Mohamed, A.A. Basfar and A.A. Al-Shahrani, J. Hazard. Mater., 166, 810 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.11.081.
- Y.P. Chen, S.Y. Liu, H.Q. Yu, H. Yin and Q.R. Li, Chemosphere, 72, 532 (2008); doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.03.054.
- S. Merouani, O. Hamdaoui, F. Saoudi and M. Chiha, Chem. Eng. J., 158, 550 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.cej.2010.01.048.
- H. Ghodbane and O. Hamdaoui, Ultrason. Sonochem., 16, 455 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2008.12.005.
- G. Wang, Y. Qin, J. Cheng and Y. Wang, J. Fuel Chem. Technol., 38, 502 (2010); doi:10.1016/S1872-5813(10)60042-4.
- I. Ullah, S. Ali, M.A. Hanif and S.A. Shahid, Int. J. Chem. Biochem. Sci., 2, 60 (2012).
- A.R. Tehrani-Bagha, N.M. Mahmoodi and F.M. Menger, Desalination, 260, 34 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.desal.2010.05.004.
- F.H. Alhamedi, M.A. Rauf and S.S. Ashraf, Desalination, 239, 159 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.desal.2008.03.016.
- M. Stylidi, D.I. Kondarides and X.E. Verykios, Appl. Catal. B, 40, 271 (2003); doi:10.1016/S0926-3373(02)00163-7.
- W. Choi, Catal. Surv. Asia, 10, 16 (2006); doi:10.1007/s10563-006-9000-2.
- J.F. Zhu, J.L. Zhang, F. Chen and M. Anpo, Mater. Lett., 59, 3378 (2005); doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2005.05.072.
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- M. Shahid, I. Shakir, S. Yang and D.J. Kang, Mater. Chem. Phys., 124, 619 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2010.07.023.
- M. Daturi, A. Cremona, F. Milella, G. Busca and E. Vogna, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 18, 1079 (1998); doi:10.1016/S0955-2219(98)00014-4.
- C. Wang, H. Shi and Y. Li, Appl. Surf. Sci., 257, 6873 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.03.021.
- S. Srinivasan, J. Wade and E.K. Stefanakos, J. Nanomater., Article ID 45712 (2006); doi:10.1155/JNM/2006/45712.
- G. Fan, W. Sun, H. Wang and F. Li, Chem. Eng. J., 174, 467 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.cej.2011.09.054.
- W.-J. Liu, F.-X. Zeng, H. Jiang, X.-S. Zhang and W.-W. Li, Chem. Eng. J., 180, 9 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.cej.2011.10.085.
- X.C. Yang, W. Riehemann, M. Dubiel and H. Hofmeister, Mater. Sci. Eng. B, 95, 299 (2002); doi:10.1016/S0921-5107(02)00291-X.
- H.R. Pouretedal, Z. Tofangsazi and M.H. Keshavarz, J. Alloys Comp., 513, 359 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.10.049.
- A.E. Greenberg, L.S. Claesceri and A.D. Eaton, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, American Public Health Association, Washington DC (1998).
- W.-J. Liu, F.-X. Zeng, H. Jiang, X.-S. Zhang and W.-W. Li, Chem. Eng. J., 180, 9 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.cej.2011.10.085.
- X. Zhou, C. Hu, X. Hu and T. Peng, J. Hazard. Mater., 219-220, 276 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.04.009.
- Z. Liu, X. Xu, J. Fang, X. Zhu, J. Chu and B. Li, Appl. Surf. Sci., 258, 3771 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.12.025.
- S. Yuan, Y. Li, Q. Zhang and H. Wang, Colloids Surf. B, 348, 76 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.06.040.
- G. Fan, W. Sun, H. Wang and F. Li, Chem. Eng. J., 174, 467 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.cej.2011.09.054.
References
M.N. Rashed and A.A. El-Amin, Int. J. Phys. Sci., 2, 73 (2007).
R.J. Maguire, Water Sci. Technol., 26, 265 (1992).
S. Parsons, Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater, IWA Publishing, London, UK (2004).
M.Z. Alam, S. Ahmad, A. Malik and M. Ahmad, Ecotox. Environ. Saf., 73, 1620 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.07.009.
C. O’Neill, A. Lopez, S. Esteves, F.R. Hawkes, D.L. Hawkes and S. Wilcox, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 53, 249 (1999); doi:10.1007/s002530050016.
N. Nasuha, B.H. Hameed and A.T.M. Din, J. Hazard. Mater., 175, 126 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.138.
M.A. Rauf, S.M. Qadri, S. Ashraf and K.M. Al-Mansoori, Chem. Eng. J., 150, 90 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.cej.2008.12.008.
V.K. Sharma, G.A.K. Anquandah, R.A. Yngard, H. Kim, J. Fekete, K. Bouzek, A.K. Ray and D. Golovko, J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A, 44, 423 (2009); doi:10.1080/10934520902719704.
F. Ge, L. Zhu and J. Wang, Desalination, 225, 156 (2008); doi:10.1016/j.desal.2007.03.016.
M. Riera-Torres, C. Gutiérrez-Bouzán and M. Crespi, Desalination, 252, 53 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.desal.2009.11.002.
A.L. Ahmad and S.W. Puasa, Chem. Eng. J., 132, 257 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.cej.2007.01.005.
K. Shakir, A.F. Elkafrawy, H.F. Ghoneimy, S.G. Elrab Beheir and M. Refaat, Water Res., 44, 1449 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.10.029.
M.S. Lee, C. Huang, K.R. Lee, J.R. Pan and W.K. Chang, Desalination, 234, 416 (2008); doi:10.1016/j.desal.2007.09.112.
H. Jirankova, J. Mrazek, P. Dolecek and J. Cakl, Water Treat., 20, 96 (2010); doi:10.5004/dwt.2010.1170.
V.M. Egorov, S.V. Smirnova and I.V. Pletnev, Sep. Purif. Technol., 63, 710 (2008); doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2008.06.024.
R.S. Juang, W.C. Huang and Y.H. Hsu, J. Hazard. Mater., 164, 46 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.07.116.
M.A. Rauf and S.S. Ashraf, in ed.: A.R. Lang, Application of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) to Dye Degradation-An Overview, Dyes and Pigments: New Research, Nova Science Publishers, Inc. (2009).
L. Ayed, K. Chaieb, A. Cheref and A. Bakhrouf, Desalination, 260, 137 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.desal.2010.04.052.
Ö. Çınar, S. Yaşar, M. Kertmen, K. Demiröz, N.Ö. Yigit and M. Kitis, Process Saf. Environ. Prot., 86, 455 (2008); doi:10.1016/j.psep.2008.03.001.
C. Bouasla, M.E.H. Samar and F. Ismail, Desalination, 254, 35 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.desal.2009.12.017.
A. Masarwa, S. Rachmilovich-Calis, N. Meyerstein and D. Meyerstein, Coord. Chem. Rev., 249, 1937 (2005); doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2005.01.003.
J.M. Monteagudo, A. Duran, I.S. Martin and M. Aguirre, Appl. Catal. B, 95, 120 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2009.12.018.
N. Modirshahla, M.A. Behnajady and F. Ghanbary, Dyes Pigments, 73, 305 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2006.01.002.
M.A. Rauf, M.A. Meetani, A. Khaleel and A. Ahmed, Chem. Eng. J., 157, 373 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.cej.2009.11.017.
R. Xu, J .Li, J. Wang, X. Wang, B. Liu, B. Wang, X. Luan and X. Zhang, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 94, 1157 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2010.03.003.
A. Vahdat, S.H. Bahrami, M. Arami and A. Motahari, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 79, 33 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2009.08.012.
K.M. Mohamed, A.A. Basfar and A.A. Al-Shahrani, J. Hazard. Mater., 166, 810 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.11.081.
Y.P. Chen, S.Y. Liu, H.Q. Yu, H. Yin and Q.R. Li, Chemosphere, 72, 532 (2008); doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.03.054.
S. Merouani, O. Hamdaoui, F. Saoudi and M. Chiha, Chem. Eng. J., 158, 550 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.cej.2010.01.048.
H. Ghodbane and O. Hamdaoui, Ultrason. Sonochem., 16, 455 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2008.12.005.
G. Wang, Y. Qin, J. Cheng and Y. Wang, J. Fuel Chem. Technol., 38, 502 (2010); doi:10.1016/S1872-5813(10)60042-4.
I. Ullah, S. Ali, M.A. Hanif and S.A. Shahid, Int. J. Chem. Biochem. Sci., 2, 60 (2012).
A.R. Tehrani-Bagha, N.M. Mahmoodi and F.M. Menger, Desalination, 260, 34 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.desal.2010.05.004.
F.H. Alhamedi, M.A. Rauf and S.S. Ashraf, Desalination, 239, 159 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.desal.2008.03.016.
M. Stylidi, D.I. Kondarides and X.E. Verykios, Appl. Catal. B, 40, 271 (2003); doi:10.1016/S0926-3373(02)00163-7.
W. Choi, Catal. Surv. Asia, 10, 16 (2006); doi:10.1007/s10563-006-9000-2.
J.F. Zhu, J.L. Zhang, F. Chen and M. Anpo, Mater. Lett., 59, 3378 (2005); doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2005.05.072.
M. Addamo, M. Bellardita, D. Carriazo, A. Di Paola, S. Milioto, L. Palmisano and V. Rives, Appl. Catal. B, 84, 742 (2008); doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2008.06.007.
H. Park, H.S. Jie, B. Neppolian, K. Tsujimaru, J.-P. Ahn, D.Y. Lee, J.-K. Park and M. Anpo, Top. Catal., 47, 166 (2008); doi:10.1007/s11244-007-9019-2.
I. Shakir, M. Shahid and D.J. Kang, Chem. Commun., 46, 4324 (2010); doi:10.1039/c000003e.
M. Shahid, I. Shakir, S. Yang and D.J. Kang, Mater. Chem. Phys., 124, 619 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2010.07.023.
M. Daturi, A. Cremona, F. Milella, G. Busca and E. Vogna, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 18, 1079 (1998); doi:10.1016/S0955-2219(98)00014-4.
C. Wang, H. Shi and Y. Li, Appl. Surf. Sci., 257, 6873 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.03.021.
S. Srinivasan, J. Wade and E.K. Stefanakos, J. Nanomater., Article ID 45712 (2006); doi:10.1155/JNM/2006/45712.
G. Fan, W. Sun, H. Wang and F. Li, Chem. Eng. J., 174, 467 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.cej.2011.09.054.
W.-J. Liu, F.-X. Zeng, H. Jiang, X.-S. Zhang and W.-W. Li, Chem. Eng. J., 180, 9 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.cej.2011.10.085.
X.C. Yang, W. Riehemann, M. Dubiel and H. Hofmeister, Mater. Sci. Eng. B, 95, 299 (2002); doi:10.1016/S0921-5107(02)00291-X.
H.R. Pouretedal, Z. Tofangsazi and M.H. Keshavarz, J. Alloys Comp., 513, 359 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.10.049.
A.E. Greenberg, L.S. Claesceri and A.D. Eaton, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, American Public Health Association, Washington DC (1998).
W.-J. Liu, F.-X. Zeng, H. Jiang, X.-S. Zhang and W.-W. Li, Chem. Eng. J., 180, 9 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.cej.2011.10.085.
X. Zhou, C. Hu, X. Hu and T. Peng, J. Hazard. Mater., 219-220, 276 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.04.009.
Z. Liu, X. Xu, J. Fang, X. Zhu, J. Chu and B. Li, Appl. Surf. Sci., 258, 3771 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.12.025.
S. Yuan, Y. Li, Q. Zhang and H. Wang, Colloids Surf. B, 348, 76 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.06.040.
G. Fan, W. Sun, H. Wang and F. Li, Chem. Eng. J., 174, 467 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.cej.2011.09.054.