Copyright (c) 2015 AJC
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Capacitor Behaviour of Activated Carbon from Used Tea Dust Powder
Corresponding Author(s) : Palanichamy Kalyani
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 27 No. 4 (2015): Vol 27 Issue 4
Abstract
Based on the energy form waste concepts we present the results of our study of utilizing used tea dust for preparing carbon, called the biomass carbon. Tea dust after decocting has been selected as a low cost source of producing the carbon. Virgin carbon is produced by heating the tea refuse around 280 ºC for 2 h and activated carbon is produced using zinc chloride. After physical characterization, the biomass derived carbons have been tested in 3 M KOH electrolyte for the possible application as electrodes in electrochemical double layer capacitors. Cyclic voltammetric studies on the activated tea carbon show significant improvement in the capacitance values over the virgin sample. The study suggests the production of low-cost carbons from house-hold wastes for an important scientific and engineering application.
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- D.O. Hall, J.I. House and I. Scrase, Industrial Uses of Biomass Energy-The Example of Brazil, Taylor & Francis, London (1999).
- A. Pappu, M. Saxena and S.R. Asolekar, Build. Environ.,42, 2311 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.04.015.
- J. Guo and A.C. Lua, Carbon, 38, 1985 (2000); doi:10.1016/S0008-6223(00)00046-4.
- T. Yang and A.C. Lua, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 267, 408 (2003); doi:10.1016/S0021-9797(03)00689-1.
- M. Turmuzi, W.R.W. Daud, S.M. Tasirin, M.S. Takriff and S.E. Iyuke, Carbon, 42, 453 (2004); doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2003.11.015.
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- C. Srinivasakannan and M.Z. Abu Bakar, Biomass Bioenergy, 27, 89 (2004); doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2003.11.002.
- M.H. Kalavathy, T. Karthikeyan, S. Rajgopal and L.R. Miranda, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 292, 354 (2005); doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2005.05.087.
- E. Frackowiak and F. Béguin, Carbon, 39, 937 (2001); doi:10.1016/S0008-6223(00)00183-4.
- A.Burke, Electrochim. Acta, 53, 1083 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2007.01.011.
- E. Raymundo-Pinero, F. Leroux and F. Beguin, Adv. Mater., 18, 1877 (2006); doi:10.1002/adma.200501905.
- T.E. Rufford, D. Hulicova-Jurcakova, Z. Zhu and G.Q. Lu, Electrochem.Commun.,10, 1594 (2008); doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2008.08.022.
- T.E. Rufford, D. Hulicova-Jurcakova, E. Fiset, Z. Zhu and Q.G. Lu, Electrochem.Commun.,11, 974 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2009.02.038.
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- M.S. Balathanigaimani, W.G. Shim, M.J. Lee, C. Kim, J.W. Lee and H. Moon, Electrochem. Commun.,10, 868 (2008); doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2008.04.003.
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- A.E. Ismanto, S. Wang, F.E. Soetaredjo and S. Ismadji, Bioresour. Technol., 101, 3534 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.123.
- M.S. Michael and S.R.S. Prabaharan, J. Power Sources, 136, 250 (2004); doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.03.006.
- Y. Liu, Z. Hu, K. Xu, X. Zheng and Q. Gao, Acta Phys. Chim. Sin.,24, 1143 (2008); doi:10.1016/S1872-1508(08)60049-2.
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- C.T. Hsieh and H. Teng, Carbon, 40, 667 (2002); doi:10.1016/S0008-6223(01)00182-8.
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- M.R. Jisha, Y.J. Hwang, J.S. Shin, K.S. Nahm, T. Prem Kumar, K. Karthikeyan, N. Dhanikaivelu, D. Kalpana, N.G. Renganathan and A.M. Stephan, Mater. Chem. Phys., 115, 33 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2008.11.010.
- E. Taer, M. Deraman, I.A. Talib, A. Awitdrus, S.A. Hashmi and A.A. Umar, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 6, 3301 (2011).
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- M. Olivares-Marín, J.A. Fernández, M.J. Lázaro, C. Fernández-González, A. Macías-García, V. Gómez-Serrano, F. Stoeckli and T.A. Centeno, Mater. Chem. Phys., 114, 323 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2008.09.010.
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References
D.O. Hall, J.I. House and I. Scrase, Industrial Uses of Biomass Energy-The Example of Brazil, Taylor & Francis, London (1999).
A. Pappu, M. Saxena and S.R. Asolekar, Build. Environ.,42, 2311 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.04.015.
J. Guo and A.C. Lua, Carbon, 38, 1985 (2000); doi:10.1016/S0008-6223(00)00046-4.
T. Yang and A.C. Lua, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 267, 408 (2003); doi:10.1016/S0021-9797(03)00689-1.
M. Turmuzi, W.R.W. Daud, S.M. Tasirin, M.S. Takriff and S.E. Iyuke, Carbon, 42, 453 (2004); doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2003.11.015.
S. Ismadji, Y. Sudaryanto, S.B. Hartono, L.E.K. Setiawan and A. Ayucitra, Bioresour. Technol., 96, 1364 (2005); doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2004.11.007.
F.C. Wu, R.L. Tseng, C.C. Hu and C.C. Wang, J. Power Sources, 159, 1532 (2006); doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.12.023.
R.M. Suzuki, A.D. Andrade, J.C. Sousa and M.C. Rollemberg, Bioresour. Technol., 98, 1985 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2006.08.001.
J.V. Nabais, P. Carrott, M.M.L. RibeiroCarrott, V. Luz and A.L. Ortiz, Bioresour. Technol., 99, 7224 (2008); doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.12.068.
C. Srinivasakannan and M.Z. Abu Bakar, Biomass Bioenergy, 27, 89 (2004); doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2003.11.002.
M.H. Kalavathy, T. Karthikeyan, S. Rajgopal and L.R. Miranda, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 292, 354 (2005); doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2005.05.087.
E. Frackowiak and F. Béguin, Carbon, 39, 937 (2001); doi:10.1016/S0008-6223(00)00183-4.
A.Burke, Electrochim. Acta, 53, 1083 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2007.01.011.
E. Raymundo-Pinero, F. Leroux and F. Beguin, Adv. Mater., 18, 1877 (2006); doi:10.1002/adma.200501905.
T.E. Rufford, D. Hulicova-Jurcakova, Z. Zhu and G.Q. Lu, Electrochem.Commun.,10, 1594 (2008); doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2008.08.022.
T.E. Rufford, D. Hulicova-Jurcakova, E. Fiset, Z. Zhu and Q.G. Lu, Electrochem.Commun.,11, 974 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2009.02.038.
F.C. Wu, R.L. Tseng, C.C. Hu and C.C. Wang, J. Power Sources, 144, 302 (2005); doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.12.020.
M.S. Balathanigaimani, W.G. Shim, M.J. Lee, C. Kim, J.W. Lee and H. Moon, Electrochem. Commun.,10, 868 (2008); doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2008.04.003.
V. Subramanian, C. Luo, A.M. Stephan, K.S. Nahm, S. Thomas and B. Wei, J. Phys. Chem. C, 111, 7527 (2007); doi:10.1021/jp067009t.
K. Konno, Y. Ohba, K. Onoe and T. Yamaguchi, Carbon, 46, 721 (2008); doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2008.01.013.
T.A. Centeno, M. Hahn, J.A. Fernandez, R. Kotz and F. Stoeckli, Electrochem. Commun.,9, 1242 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2007.01.031.
A.E. Ismanto, S. Wang, F.E. Soetaredjo and S. Ismadji, Bioresour. Technol., 101, 3534 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.123.
M.S. Michael and S.R.S. Prabaharan, J. Power Sources, 136, 250 (2004); doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.03.006.
Y. Liu, Z. Hu, K. Xu, X. Zheng and Q. Gao, Acta Phys. Chim. Sin.,24, 1143 (2008); doi:10.1016/S1872-1508(08)60049-2.
R.K. Selvan, I. Perelshtein, N. Perkas and A. Gedanken, J. Phys. Chem. C, 112, 1825 (2008); doi:10.1021/jp076995q.
E. Frackowiak, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 9, 1774 (2007); doi:10.1039/b618139m.
C.T. Hsieh and H. Teng, Carbon, 40, 667 (2002); doi:10.1016/S0008-6223(01)00182-8.
E. Lust, G. Nurk, A. Janes, M. Arulepp, P. Nigu, P. Moller, S. Kallip and V. Sammelselg, J. Solid State Electrochem., 7, 91 (2003); doi:10.1007/s10008-002-0316-1.
M.R. Jisha, Y.J. Hwang, J.S. Shin, K.S. Nahm, T. Prem Kumar, K. Karthikeyan, N. Dhanikaivelu, D. Kalpana, N.G. Renganathan and A.M. Stephan, Mater. Chem. Phys., 115, 33 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2008.11.010.
E. Taer, M. Deraman, I.A. Talib, A. Awitdrus, S.A. Hashmi and A.A. Umar, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 6, 3301 (2011).
P. Kalyani and A. Anitha, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 38, 4034 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.01.048.
M. Olivares-Marín, J.A. Fernández, M.J. Lázaro, C. Fernández-González, A. Macías-García, V. Gómez-Serrano, F. Stoeckli and T.A. Centeno, Mater. Chem. Phys., 114, 323 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2008.09.010.
C. Kim, J.W. Lee, J.H. Kim and K.S. Yang, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 23, 592 (2006); doi:10.1007/BF02706799.
J. Hu, Z. Wang, W. Zhang, Z. Xu, Y. Wu, Z. Zhu and X. Duan, Carbon, 44, 1581 (2006); doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2006.01.028.