Copyright (c) 2015 AJC
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Applications of Inorganic Coagulant for Typical Organic Contaminants Removal from Water: A Review
Corresponding Author(s) : H.L. Zheng
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 27 No. 3 (2015): Vol 27 Issue 3
Abstract
Organic pollution has become one of the most serious environmental issues and it possesses a potential threat to human health. The coagulation-flocculation as a water treatment technology has been used in the removal of contaminant from the water. In this review, it represents the concentration of typical organic contaminants in the water as well as their treatment by traditional and novel inorganic coagulants. The coagulation mechanism is also discussed.
Keywords
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- L.J. Bao, K.A. Maruya, S.A. Snyder and E.Y. Zeng, Environ. Pollut., 163, 100 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2011.12.022.
- S. Ochiai, N. Shimojo, I. Yuka, M. Watanabe, Y. Matsuno, S. Suzuki, Y. Kohno and C. Mori, Chemosphere, 94, 48 (2014); doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.009.
- Z. Zhang and H.L. Zheng, J. Hazard. Mater., 172, 1388 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.146.
- H.L. Zheng, Y. Pan and X. Xiang, J. Hazard. Mater., 141, 457 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.12.018.
- X.Y. Xiang, H.L. Zheng, L. Chen, J. Chen and G.C. Zhu, Asian J. Chem., 25, 4757 (2013); doi:10.14233/ajchem.2013.14086.
- S.L. Loo, A.G. Fane, W.B. Krantz and T.T. Lim, Water Res., 46, 3125 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.03.030.
- S. Yang, F.I. Hai, L.D. Nghiem, W.E. Price, F. Roddick, M.T. Moreira and S.F. Magram, Bioresour. Technol., 141, 97 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.173.
- H.L. Zheng, J.Y. Ma, F.Y. Ji, X.M. Tang, W. Chen, J.R. Zhu, Y. Liao and M.Z. Tan, Asian J. Chem., 25, 7071 (2013); doi:10.14233/ajchem.2013.15144.
- H. Xu, R.Y. Jiao, F. Xiao and D.S. Wang, Colloid Surf. A, 446, 139 (2014); doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.01.033.
- F.T. Li, J.Q. Jiang, S.J. Wu and B.R. Zhang, Chem. Eng. J., 156, 64 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.cej.2009.09.034.
- H.L. Zheng, G. Zhu, S. Jiang, T. Tshukudu, X. Xiang, P. Zhang and Q. He, Desalination, 269, 148 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.desal.2010.10.054.
- N.H. Tran, T. Urase, H.H. Ngo, J. Hu and S.L. Ong, Bioresour. Technol., 146, 721 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.083.
- A. Jurado, E. Vàzquez-Suñé, J. Carrera, M. López de Alda, E. Pujades and D. Barceló, Sci. Total Environ., 440, 82 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.08.029.
- S. Bayen, Environ. Int., 48, 84 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.envint.2012.07.008.
- J.L. Lyche, I.M. Grześ, C. Karlsson, R. Nourizadeh-Lillabadi, V. Berg, A.B. Kristoffersen, J.U. Skåre, P. Alestrøm and E. Ropstad, Aquat. Toxicol., 126, 424 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.08.019.
- H. Kuranchie-Mensah, S.M. Atiemo, L.M.N.-D. Palm, S. Blankson-Arthur, A.O. Tutu and P. Fosu, Chemosphere, 86, 286 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.10.031.
- S.H. Lee, J.S. Ra, J.W. Choi, B.J. Yim, M.S. Jung and S.D. Kim, Sci. Total Environ., 470-471, 1362 (2014); doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.030.
- M. Llorca, M. Farre, Y. Pico, J. Muller, T.P. Knepper and D. Barcelo, Sci. Total Environ., 431, 139 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.05.011.
- C.I. Kosma, D.A. Lambropoulou and T.A. Albanis, Sci. Total Environ., 466-467, 421 (2014); doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.044.
- J.L. Liu and M.H. Wong, Environ. Int., 59, 208 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.envint.2013.06.012.
- B. Kasprzyk-Hordern, R.M. Dinsdale and A.J. Guwy, Water Res., 43, 363 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.watres.2008.10.047.
- B. Li and T. Zhang, Chemosphere, 83, 1284 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.03.002.
- E.M. Ferguson, M. Allinson, G. Allinson, S.E. Swearer and K.L. Hassell, Water Res., 47, 1604 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.12.020.
- P.A. Fowler, M. Bellingham, K.D. Sinclair, N.P. Evans, P. Pocar, B. Fischer, K. Schaedlich, J.S. Schmidt, M.R. Amezaga, S. Bhattacharya, S.M. Rhind and P.J. O’Shaughnessy, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 355, 231 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.mce.2011.10.021.
- B. Yang, G.G. Ying, J.L. Zhao, S. Liu, L.J. Zhou and F. Chen, Water Res., 46, 2194 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.01.047.
- A. Mousa, C. Basheer and A. Rahman Al-Arfaj, Talanta, 115, 308 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2013.05.011.
- Y.Z. Zhang, C.Y. Tang, X.F. Song and F.D. Li, Chemosphere, 77, 559 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.07.005.
- R.O. Pereira, M.L. de Alda, J. Joglar, L.A. Daniel and D. Barceló, Chemosphere, 84, 1535 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.05.058.
- H. Chang, C. Chen and G. Wang, Water Res., 47, 2729 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.watres.2013.02.033.
- W. Chu, N. Gao, D. Yin and S.W. Krasner, J. Hazard. Mater., 260, 806 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.06.044.
- H. Amjad, I. Hashmi, M.S.U. Rehman, M. Ali Awan, S. Ghaffar and Z. Khan, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 91, 25 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.01.008.
- B. Hammami, S.B. Hessin, M. Bahri and M.R. Driss, Clean–Soil, Air Water, 42, 1052 (2014); doi:10.1002/clen.201300094.
- D. Nomura, A. Ooki, D. Simizu and M. Fukuchi, Antarctic Sci.-Institutional Subscription, 23, 623 (2011); doi:10.1017/S0954102011000459.
- A. Li, X. Zhao, H. Liu and J. Qu, Water Res., 45, 6131 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.watres.2011.09.012.
- J. Liu, X. Guo, W. Ma, Y. Zhang, P. Xu, J. Yao and Y. Bai, Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 18, 1218 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.joca.2010.07.003.
- M. Mikola, J. Ramö, A. Sarpola and J. Tanskanen, Sep. Purif. Technol., 118, 842 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2013.08.037.
- Y.Y. Liu, W.J. Zhang, X.Y. Yang, P. Xiao, D.S. Wang and Y. Song, Sep. Purif. Technol., 120, 123 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2013.09.046.
- R. Gough, P.J. Holliman, N. Willis and C. Freeman, Sci. Total Environ., 468-469, 228 (2014); doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.048.
- X. Li, P. Peng, S. Zhang, R. Man, G. Sheng and J. Fu, J. Hazard. Mater., 162, 180 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.05.030.
- F. Xiao, M.F. Simcik and J.S. Gulliver, Water Res., 47, 49 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.09.024.
- E. Rakotonarivo, J. Bottero, F. Thomas, J. Poirier and J. Cases, Colloids Surf., 33, 191 (1988); doi:10.1016/0166-6622(88)80061-1.
- M. Ng, S. Liu, C.W.K. Chow, M. Drikas, R. Amal and M. Lim, J. Hazard. Mater., 263, 718 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.10.036.
- Y.X. Zhao, B.Y. Gao, Q.B. Qi, Y. Wang, S. Phuntsho, J.H. Kim, Q.Y. Yue, Q. Li and H.K. Shon, J. Hazard. Mater., 258-259, 84 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.04.044.
- X. Liu, X.M. Li, Q. Yang, X. Yue, T.T. Shen, W. Zheng, K. Luo, Y.H. Sun and G.M. Zeng, Chem. Eng. J., 200-202, 39 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.cej.2012.06.012.
- A.Y. Zahrim, C. Tizaoui and N. Hilal, J. Hazard. Mater., 182, 624 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.06.077.
- J. Huang, Z.H. Yang, G.M. Zeng, M. Ruan, H.Y. Xu, W.C. Gao, Y.L. Luo and H.M. Xie, Chem. Eng. J., 191, 269 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.cej.2012.03.015.
- L. Joseph, L.K. Boateng, J.R.V. Flora, Y.G. Park, A. Son, M. Badawy and Y. Yoon, Sep. Purif. Technol., 107, 37 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2013.01.012.
- B. Ma, W. Yu, H. Liu and J. Qu, Water Res., 51, 277 (2014); doi:10.1016/j.watres.2013.10.069.
- V.K. Sharma, Coord. Chem. Rev., 257, 495 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2012.04.014.
- E.M. Casbeer, V.K. Sharma, Z. Zajickova and D.D. Dionysiou, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 4572 (2013); doi:10.1021/es305283k.
- P. Pourrezaei, P. Drzewicz, Y. Wang, M. Gamal El-Din, L.A. Perez-Estrada, J.W. Martin, J. Anderson, S. Wiseman, K. Liber and J.P. Giesy, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 8452 (2011); doi:10.1021/es201498v.
- S. Diemert, W. Wang, R.C. Andrews and X.F. Li, Water Res., 47, 1773 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.12.035.
- W.Z. Yu, H.J. Liu, T. Liu, R.P. Liu and J.H. Qu, Desalination, 309, 11 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.desal.2012.08.012.
- Z. Bi, C. Feng, D. Wang, X. Ge and H. Tang, Colloids Surf. A, 416, 73 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.06.029.
- J. Duan and J. Gregory, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 100-102, 475 (2003); doi:10.1016/S0001-8686(02)00067-2.
- S.W. Nam, B.I. Jo, Y. Yoon and K.D. Zoh, Chemosphere, 95, 156 (2014); doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.08.055.
- Y.X. Zhao, B.Y. Gao, G.Z. Zhang, S. Phuntsho, Y. Wang, Q.Y. Yue, Q. Li and H.K. Shon, Chem. Eng. J., 233, 70 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.cej.2013.08.017.
- C. Hu, H. Liu, J. Qu, D. Wang and J. Ru, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 325 (2006); doi:10.1021/es051423+.
- P. Jarvis, E. Sharp, M. Pidou, R. Molinder, S.A. Parsons and B. Jefferson, Water Res., 46, 4179 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.04.043.
- F. Fu and Q. Wang, J. Environ. Manage., 92, 407 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.11.011.
- C. Hu, H. Liu, G. Chen, W.A. Jefferson and J. Qu, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 6776 (2012); doi:10.1021/es203917g.
- S. Lan, F. Ju and X. Wu, Sep. Purif. Technol., 89, 117 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2012.01.009.
- L. Pachuau, S.M. Lee and D. Tiwari, Chem. Eng. J., 230, 141 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.cej.2013.06.081.
References
L.J. Bao, K.A. Maruya, S.A. Snyder and E.Y. Zeng, Environ. Pollut., 163, 100 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2011.12.022.
S. Ochiai, N. Shimojo, I. Yuka, M. Watanabe, Y. Matsuno, S. Suzuki, Y. Kohno and C. Mori, Chemosphere, 94, 48 (2014); doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.009.
Z. Zhang and H.L. Zheng, J. Hazard. Mater., 172, 1388 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.146.
H.L. Zheng, Y. Pan and X. Xiang, J. Hazard. Mater., 141, 457 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.12.018.
X.Y. Xiang, H.L. Zheng, L. Chen, J. Chen and G.C. Zhu, Asian J. Chem., 25, 4757 (2013); doi:10.14233/ajchem.2013.14086.
S.L. Loo, A.G. Fane, W.B. Krantz and T.T. Lim, Water Res., 46, 3125 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.03.030.
S. Yang, F.I. Hai, L.D. Nghiem, W.E. Price, F. Roddick, M.T. Moreira and S.F. Magram, Bioresour. Technol., 141, 97 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.173.
H.L. Zheng, J.Y. Ma, F.Y. Ji, X.M. Tang, W. Chen, J.R. Zhu, Y. Liao and M.Z. Tan, Asian J. Chem., 25, 7071 (2013); doi:10.14233/ajchem.2013.15144.
H. Xu, R.Y. Jiao, F. Xiao and D.S. Wang, Colloid Surf. A, 446, 139 (2014); doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.01.033.
F.T. Li, J.Q. Jiang, S.J. Wu and B.R. Zhang, Chem. Eng. J., 156, 64 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.cej.2009.09.034.
H.L. Zheng, G. Zhu, S. Jiang, T. Tshukudu, X. Xiang, P. Zhang and Q. He, Desalination, 269, 148 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.desal.2010.10.054.
N.H. Tran, T. Urase, H.H. Ngo, J. Hu and S.L. Ong, Bioresour. Technol., 146, 721 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.083.
A. Jurado, E. Vàzquez-Suñé, J. Carrera, M. López de Alda, E. Pujades and D. Barceló, Sci. Total Environ., 440, 82 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.08.029.
S. Bayen, Environ. Int., 48, 84 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.envint.2012.07.008.
J.L. Lyche, I.M. Grześ, C. Karlsson, R. Nourizadeh-Lillabadi, V. Berg, A.B. Kristoffersen, J.U. Skåre, P. Alestrøm and E. Ropstad, Aquat. Toxicol., 126, 424 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.08.019.
H. Kuranchie-Mensah, S.M. Atiemo, L.M.N.-D. Palm, S. Blankson-Arthur, A.O. Tutu and P. Fosu, Chemosphere, 86, 286 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.10.031.
S.H. Lee, J.S. Ra, J.W. Choi, B.J. Yim, M.S. Jung and S.D. Kim, Sci. Total Environ., 470-471, 1362 (2014); doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.030.
M. Llorca, M. Farre, Y. Pico, J. Muller, T.P. Knepper and D. Barcelo, Sci. Total Environ., 431, 139 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.05.011.
C.I. Kosma, D.A. Lambropoulou and T.A. Albanis, Sci. Total Environ., 466-467, 421 (2014); doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.044.
J.L. Liu and M.H. Wong, Environ. Int., 59, 208 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.envint.2013.06.012.
B. Kasprzyk-Hordern, R.M. Dinsdale and A.J. Guwy, Water Res., 43, 363 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.watres.2008.10.047.
B. Li and T. Zhang, Chemosphere, 83, 1284 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.03.002.
E.M. Ferguson, M. Allinson, G. Allinson, S.E. Swearer and K.L. Hassell, Water Res., 47, 1604 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.12.020.
P.A. Fowler, M. Bellingham, K.D. Sinclair, N.P. Evans, P. Pocar, B. Fischer, K. Schaedlich, J.S. Schmidt, M.R. Amezaga, S. Bhattacharya, S.M. Rhind and P.J. O’Shaughnessy, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 355, 231 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.mce.2011.10.021.
B. Yang, G.G. Ying, J.L. Zhao, S. Liu, L.J. Zhou and F. Chen, Water Res., 46, 2194 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.01.047.
A. Mousa, C. Basheer and A. Rahman Al-Arfaj, Talanta, 115, 308 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2013.05.011.
Y.Z. Zhang, C.Y. Tang, X.F. Song and F.D. Li, Chemosphere, 77, 559 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.07.005.
R.O. Pereira, M.L. de Alda, J. Joglar, L.A. Daniel and D. Barceló, Chemosphere, 84, 1535 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.05.058.
H. Chang, C. Chen and G. Wang, Water Res., 47, 2729 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.watres.2013.02.033.
W. Chu, N. Gao, D. Yin and S.W. Krasner, J. Hazard. Mater., 260, 806 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.06.044.
H. Amjad, I. Hashmi, M.S.U. Rehman, M. Ali Awan, S. Ghaffar and Z. Khan, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 91, 25 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.01.008.
B. Hammami, S.B. Hessin, M. Bahri and M.R. Driss, Clean–Soil, Air Water, 42, 1052 (2014); doi:10.1002/clen.201300094.
D. Nomura, A. Ooki, D. Simizu and M. Fukuchi, Antarctic Sci.-Institutional Subscription, 23, 623 (2011); doi:10.1017/S0954102011000459.
A. Li, X. Zhao, H. Liu and J. Qu, Water Res., 45, 6131 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.watres.2011.09.012.
J. Liu, X. Guo, W. Ma, Y. Zhang, P. Xu, J. Yao and Y. Bai, Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 18, 1218 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.joca.2010.07.003.
M. Mikola, J. Ramö, A. Sarpola and J. Tanskanen, Sep. Purif. Technol., 118, 842 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2013.08.037.
Y.Y. Liu, W.J. Zhang, X.Y. Yang, P. Xiao, D.S. Wang and Y. Song, Sep. Purif. Technol., 120, 123 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2013.09.046.
R. Gough, P.J. Holliman, N. Willis and C. Freeman, Sci. Total Environ., 468-469, 228 (2014); doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.048.
X. Li, P. Peng, S. Zhang, R. Man, G. Sheng and J. Fu, J. Hazard. Mater., 162, 180 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.05.030.
F. Xiao, M.F. Simcik and J.S. Gulliver, Water Res., 47, 49 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.09.024.
E. Rakotonarivo, J. Bottero, F. Thomas, J. Poirier and J. Cases, Colloids Surf., 33, 191 (1988); doi:10.1016/0166-6622(88)80061-1.
M. Ng, S. Liu, C.W.K. Chow, M. Drikas, R. Amal and M. Lim, J. Hazard. Mater., 263, 718 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.10.036.
Y.X. Zhao, B.Y. Gao, Q.B. Qi, Y. Wang, S. Phuntsho, J.H. Kim, Q.Y. Yue, Q. Li and H.K. Shon, J. Hazard. Mater., 258-259, 84 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.04.044.
X. Liu, X.M. Li, Q. Yang, X. Yue, T.T. Shen, W. Zheng, K. Luo, Y.H. Sun and G.M. Zeng, Chem. Eng. J., 200-202, 39 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.cej.2012.06.012.
A.Y. Zahrim, C. Tizaoui and N. Hilal, J. Hazard. Mater., 182, 624 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.06.077.
J. Huang, Z.H. Yang, G.M. Zeng, M. Ruan, H.Y. Xu, W.C. Gao, Y.L. Luo and H.M. Xie, Chem. Eng. J., 191, 269 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.cej.2012.03.015.
L. Joseph, L.K. Boateng, J.R.V. Flora, Y.G. Park, A. Son, M. Badawy and Y. Yoon, Sep. Purif. Technol., 107, 37 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2013.01.012.
B. Ma, W. Yu, H. Liu and J. Qu, Water Res., 51, 277 (2014); doi:10.1016/j.watres.2013.10.069.
V.K. Sharma, Coord. Chem. Rev., 257, 495 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2012.04.014.
E.M. Casbeer, V.K. Sharma, Z. Zajickova and D.D. Dionysiou, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 4572 (2013); doi:10.1021/es305283k.
P. Pourrezaei, P. Drzewicz, Y. Wang, M. Gamal El-Din, L.A. Perez-Estrada, J.W. Martin, J. Anderson, S. Wiseman, K. Liber and J.P. Giesy, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 8452 (2011); doi:10.1021/es201498v.
S. Diemert, W. Wang, R.C. Andrews and X.F. Li, Water Res., 47, 1773 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.12.035.
W.Z. Yu, H.J. Liu, T. Liu, R.P. Liu and J.H. Qu, Desalination, 309, 11 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.desal.2012.08.012.
Z. Bi, C. Feng, D. Wang, X. Ge and H. Tang, Colloids Surf. A, 416, 73 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.06.029.
J. Duan and J. Gregory, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 100-102, 475 (2003); doi:10.1016/S0001-8686(02)00067-2.
S.W. Nam, B.I. Jo, Y. Yoon and K.D. Zoh, Chemosphere, 95, 156 (2014); doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.08.055.
Y.X. Zhao, B.Y. Gao, G.Z. Zhang, S. Phuntsho, Y. Wang, Q.Y. Yue, Q. Li and H.K. Shon, Chem. Eng. J., 233, 70 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.cej.2013.08.017.
C. Hu, H. Liu, J. Qu, D. Wang and J. Ru, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 325 (2006); doi:10.1021/es051423+.
P. Jarvis, E. Sharp, M. Pidou, R. Molinder, S.A. Parsons and B. Jefferson, Water Res., 46, 4179 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.04.043.
F. Fu and Q. Wang, J. Environ. Manage., 92, 407 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.11.011.
C. Hu, H. Liu, G. Chen, W.A. Jefferson and J. Qu, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 6776 (2012); doi:10.1021/es203917g.
S. Lan, F. Ju and X. Wu, Sep. Purif. Technol., 89, 117 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2012.01.009.
L. Pachuau, S.M. Lee and D. Tiwari, Chem. Eng. J., 230, 141 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.cej.2013.06.081.