Copyright (c) 2014 AJC
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Evaluation of Chrysin as an Effective Antilipidemic Agent
Corresponding Author(s) : K. Uma Maheswari
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 26 No. 9 (2014): Vol 26 Issue 9
Abstract
Chrysin is an flavone which is ubiquitously found in the flowers and honey of many plants. Chrysin has been found to possess anxiolytic and chemopreventive property in cardiovascular disease and cancer and it has been thus far used by male body builders. However, its role in ameliorating other diseased conditions is not yet properly investigated. The aim of the present study was to determine whether chrysin would lower the lipid levels when compared to quercetin and atorvastatin. Our results demonstrate that chrysin not only lowers total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein levels, but also triglycerides. Thus it is a potential anti-hyperlipidemic agent that could replace the currently prescribed statins that produce adverse effects on prolonged usage.
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- U. Laufs, C. Hamm and M. Böhm, Dtsch Arztebl., 103, A-2714 (2006).
- R.G. Bakker-Arkema, M.H. Davidson, R.J. Goldstein, J. Davignon, J.L. Isaacsohn, S.R. Weiss, L.M. Keilson, W.V. Brown, V.T. Miller, L.J. Shurzinske and D.M. Black, JAMA, 275, 128 (1996); doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03530260042029.
- K.N. Gable, Hyperlipidemia Drug Class Formulary Review, Statewide Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee (2006).
- M. Guerin, T.S. Lassel, W. Le Goff, M. Farnier and M.J. Chapman, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 20, 189 (2000); doi:10.1161/01.ATV.20.1.189.
- M.J. Chapman and A. Carrie, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 25, 2441 (2005); doi:10.1161/10.1161/01.ATV.0000194548.11901.a4.
- D.M. Kent, Stroke, 36, 2058 (2005); doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000185931.20915.6f.
- U. Ravnskov, P.J. Rosch, M.C. Sutter and M.C. Houston, BMJ, 332, 1330 (2006); doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7553.1330.
- B. Moosmann and C. Behl, Lancet, 363, 892 (2004); doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15739-5.
- S.M. Grundy, Circulation, 111, 3016 (2005); doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.557652.
- B.A. Golomb, T. Kane and J.E. Dimsdale, Q. J. Med., 97, 229 (2004); doi:10.1093/qjmed/hch035.
- S. Bellosta, R. Paoletti and A. Corsini, Circulation, 109, 50 (2004); doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000131519.15067.1f.
- R.Y. Mukhtar and J.P. Reckless, Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 16, 640 (2005).
- G. Ruano, P.D. Thompson, A. Windemuth, A. Smith, M. Kocherla, T.R. Holford, R. Seip and H.B. Wu, Pharmacogenomics, 6, 865 (2005); doi:10.2217/14622416.6.8.865.
- H. Athar, A. R Shah and P.D. Thompson, Future Lipidol., 1, 143 (2006); doi:10.2217/17460875.1.2.143.
- N. Skottova, V. Krecman, P. Vana, Z. Chmela, J. Ulrichova and V. Simanek, Acta Univ. Palacki. Olomuc. Fac. Med., 144, 55 (2000); doi:10.5507/bp.2000.019.
- K. Hermansen, B. Dinesen, L.H. Hoie, E. Morgenstern and J. Gruenwald, Adv. Ther., 20, 50 (2003); doi:10.1007/BF02850119.
- Q.Y. Zhu, D.D. Schramm, H.B. Gross, R.R. Holt, S.H. Kim, T. Yamaguchi, C.L. Kwik-Uribe and C.L. Keen, Clin. Dev. Immunol., 12, 27 (2005); doi:10.1080/17402520512331329514.
- S. Sabatier, M.J. Amiot, M. Tacchini and S. Aubert, J. Food Sci., 57, 773 (1992); doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb08094.x.
- K.F.S. Ricardo, T.T. de Oliveira, TJ. Nagem, A. da Silva Pinto, M.G.A. Oliveira and J.F. Soares, Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol., 44, 263 (2001).
- A. Galijatovic, Y. Otake, U.K. Walle and T. Walle, Xenobiotica, 29, 1241 (1999); doi:10.1080/004982599237912.
- H.J. Jeong, Y.G. Shin, I.H. Kim and J.M. Pezzuto, Arch. Pharm. Res., 22, 309 (1999); doi:10.1007/BF02976369.
- I.C. Villar, R. Vera, M. Galisteo, F. O'Valle, M. Romero, A. Zarzuelo and J. Duarte, Planta Med., 71, 829 (2005); doi:10.1055/s-2005-871296.
- S. Miyamoto, H. Kohno, R. Suzuki, S. Sugie, A. Murakami, H. Ohigashi and T. Tanaka, Oncol. Rep., 15, 1169 (2006).
- A.C. Paladini, M. Marder, H. Viola, C. Wolfman, C. Wasowski and J.H. Medina, J. Pharmacol., 51, 519 (1999); doi:10.1211/0022357991772790.
- A. Gaw, C.J. Packard and J. Shepherd, Statins-the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in prespective, Martin Dunitz, London, pp. 45-58 (2004).
- M.H. Davidson, L. Ose, J. Frohlich, R.S. Scott, C.A. Dujovne, I.D. Escobar, M.C. Bertolami, F. Cihon, D.L. Maccubbin and M. Mercuri, Clin. Cardiol., 26, 509 (2003); doi:10.1002/clc.4960261106.
- A.S. Wierzbicki and D.P. Mikhailidis, Int. J. Cardiol., 84, 53 (2002); doi:10.1016/S0167-5273(02)00118-3.
- S. Rashid, K.D. Uffelman, H.R. Barrett and G.F. Lewis, Circulation, 106, 2955 (2002); doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000038303.84249.4A.
- D.P. Mikhailidis and A.S. Wierzbicki, Libra Pharm., 16, 139 (2000).
- C.P. Cannon, E. Braunwald, C.H. McCabe, D.J. Rader, J.L. Rouleau, R. Belder, S.V. Joyal, K.A. Hill, M.A. Pfeffer and A.M. Skene, N. Engl. J. Med., 350, 1495 (2004); doi:10.1056/NEJMoa040583.
- A.S. Wierzbicki, P.J. Lumb, G. Chik and M.A. Crook, Int. J. Clin. Pract., 53, 609 (1999).
- J.W. Nawrocki, S.R. Weiss, M.H. Davidson, D.L. Sprecher, S.L. Schwartz, P.J. Lupien, P.H. Jones, H.E. Haber and D.M. Black, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 15, 678 (1995); doi:10.1161/01.ATV.15.5.678.
- B.R. Krause and R.S. Newton, Atherosclerosis, 117, 237 (1995); doi:10.1016/0021-9150(95)05576-I.
- L.X. Cubeddu, R.J. Cubeddu, T. Heimowitz, B. Restrepo, G.A. Lamas and G.B. Weinberg, Am. Heart J., 152, 982.e1 (2006); doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2006.08.009.
- R.H. Mak, Pediatr. Nephrol., 13, 891 (1999); doi:10.1007/s004670050722.
References
U. Laufs, C. Hamm and M. Böhm, Dtsch Arztebl., 103, A-2714 (2006).
R.G. Bakker-Arkema, M.H. Davidson, R.J. Goldstein, J. Davignon, J.L. Isaacsohn, S.R. Weiss, L.M. Keilson, W.V. Brown, V.T. Miller, L.J. Shurzinske and D.M. Black, JAMA, 275, 128 (1996); doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03530260042029.
K.N. Gable, Hyperlipidemia Drug Class Formulary Review, Statewide Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee (2006).
M. Guerin, T.S. Lassel, W. Le Goff, M. Farnier and M.J. Chapman, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 20, 189 (2000); doi:10.1161/01.ATV.20.1.189.
M.J. Chapman and A. Carrie, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 25, 2441 (2005); doi:10.1161/10.1161/01.ATV.0000194548.11901.a4.
D.M. Kent, Stroke, 36, 2058 (2005); doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000185931.20915.6f.
U. Ravnskov, P.J. Rosch, M.C. Sutter and M.C. Houston, BMJ, 332, 1330 (2006); doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7553.1330.
B. Moosmann and C. Behl, Lancet, 363, 892 (2004); doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15739-5.
S.M. Grundy, Circulation, 111, 3016 (2005); doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.557652.
B.A. Golomb, T. Kane and J.E. Dimsdale, Q. J. Med., 97, 229 (2004); doi:10.1093/qjmed/hch035.
S. Bellosta, R. Paoletti and A. Corsini, Circulation, 109, 50 (2004); doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000131519.15067.1f.
R.Y. Mukhtar and J.P. Reckless, Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 16, 640 (2005).
G. Ruano, P.D. Thompson, A. Windemuth, A. Smith, M. Kocherla, T.R. Holford, R. Seip and H.B. Wu, Pharmacogenomics, 6, 865 (2005); doi:10.2217/14622416.6.8.865.
H. Athar, A. R Shah and P.D. Thompson, Future Lipidol., 1, 143 (2006); doi:10.2217/17460875.1.2.143.
N. Skottova, V. Krecman, P. Vana, Z. Chmela, J. Ulrichova and V. Simanek, Acta Univ. Palacki. Olomuc. Fac. Med., 144, 55 (2000); doi:10.5507/bp.2000.019.
K. Hermansen, B. Dinesen, L.H. Hoie, E. Morgenstern and J. Gruenwald, Adv. Ther., 20, 50 (2003); doi:10.1007/BF02850119.
Q.Y. Zhu, D.D. Schramm, H.B. Gross, R.R. Holt, S.H. Kim, T. Yamaguchi, C.L. Kwik-Uribe and C.L. Keen, Clin. Dev. Immunol., 12, 27 (2005); doi:10.1080/17402520512331329514.
S. Sabatier, M.J. Amiot, M. Tacchini and S. Aubert, J. Food Sci., 57, 773 (1992); doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb08094.x.
K.F.S. Ricardo, T.T. de Oliveira, TJ. Nagem, A. da Silva Pinto, M.G.A. Oliveira and J.F. Soares, Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol., 44, 263 (2001).
A. Galijatovic, Y. Otake, U.K. Walle and T. Walle, Xenobiotica, 29, 1241 (1999); doi:10.1080/004982599237912.
H.J. Jeong, Y.G. Shin, I.H. Kim and J.M. Pezzuto, Arch. Pharm. Res., 22, 309 (1999); doi:10.1007/BF02976369.
I.C. Villar, R. Vera, M. Galisteo, F. O'Valle, M. Romero, A. Zarzuelo and J. Duarte, Planta Med., 71, 829 (2005); doi:10.1055/s-2005-871296.
S. Miyamoto, H. Kohno, R. Suzuki, S. Sugie, A. Murakami, H. Ohigashi and T. Tanaka, Oncol. Rep., 15, 1169 (2006).
A.C. Paladini, M. Marder, H. Viola, C. Wolfman, C. Wasowski and J.H. Medina, J. Pharmacol., 51, 519 (1999); doi:10.1211/0022357991772790.
A. Gaw, C.J. Packard and J. Shepherd, Statins-the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in prespective, Martin Dunitz, London, pp. 45-58 (2004).
M.H. Davidson, L. Ose, J. Frohlich, R.S. Scott, C.A. Dujovne, I.D. Escobar, M.C. Bertolami, F. Cihon, D.L. Maccubbin and M. Mercuri, Clin. Cardiol., 26, 509 (2003); doi:10.1002/clc.4960261106.
A.S. Wierzbicki and D.P. Mikhailidis, Int. J. Cardiol., 84, 53 (2002); doi:10.1016/S0167-5273(02)00118-3.
S. Rashid, K.D. Uffelman, H.R. Barrett and G.F. Lewis, Circulation, 106, 2955 (2002); doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000038303.84249.4A.
D.P. Mikhailidis and A.S. Wierzbicki, Libra Pharm., 16, 139 (2000).
C.P. Cannon, E. Braunwald, C.H. McCabe, D.J. Rader, J.L. Rouleau, R. Belder, S.V. Joyal, K.A. Hill, M.A. Pfeffer and A.M. Skene, N. Engl. J. Med., 350, 1495 (2004); doi:10.1056/NEJMoa040583.
A.S. Wierzbicki, P.J. Lumb, G. Chik and M.A. Crook, Int. J. Clin. Pract., 53, 609 (1999).
J.W. Nawrocki, S.R. Weiss, M.H. Davidson, D.L. Sprecher, S.L. Schwartz, P.J. Lupien, P.H. Jones, H.E. Haber and D.M. Black, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 15, 678 (1995); doi:10.1161/01.ATV.15.5.678.
B.R. Krause and R.S. Newton, Atherosclerosis, 117, 237 (1995); doi:10.1016/0021-9150(95)05576-I.
L.X. Cubeddu, R.J. Cubeddu, T. Heimowitz, B. Restrepo, G.A. Lamas and G.B. Weinberg, Am. Heart J., 152, 982.e1 (2006); doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2006.08.009.
R.H. Mak, Pediatr. Nephrol., 13, 891 (1999); doi:10.1007/s004670050722.