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Determination of Benzo[a]anthracene in Surface Water of Shatt Al-Hilla River by Solid Phase Extraction and High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Corresponding Author(s) : Falah H. Hussein
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 26 No. 9 (2014): Vol 26 Issue 9
Abstract
In this study, the monthly variations for the concentrations of benzo[a]anthracne [C18H12] in surface water of Shatt Al-Hilla, mid of Iraq were monitored for one year, starting from November 2011 to October 2012. The process was done by using solid phase extraction through HPLC technique with UV-visible detector. Selected samples were taken from fourteen sites on both banks of the studied river. The results showed high spatial variations in concentrations of benzo[a]anthracene and from month to month depending on human activities. The highest concentration of benzo[a]anthracene was detected in site five in November 2011. The accumulation concentration of benzo[a]anthracene in all sites during the study period was 1280.11 ppb.
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- M.S. Garcia-Falcón, B. Cancho-Grande and J. Simal-Gándara, Water Res., 38, 1679 (2004); doi:10.1016/j.watres.2003.12.034.
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- F.H. Hussein, F.F. Karam and S.J. Baqir, Asian J. Chem., 26, (2014).
- USEPA, US Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Register, 59 FR 1788 (1994).
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- D.A. Bright and N. Healey, Environ. Pollut., 126, 39 (2003); doi:10.1016/S0269-7491(03)00148-9.
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References
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J.B. Ghasemi and E. Zolfonoun, Environ. Monit. Assess., 185, 2297 (2013); doi:10.1007/s10661-012-2709-7.
Y. Cheng, S. Huang, J. Chiu, W. Liu and H. Huang, J. Chromatogr. A, 1313, 132 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.035.
V. Ghasemzadeh-Mohammadi, A. Mohammadi, M. Hashemi, R. Khaksar and P. Haratian, J. Chromatogr. A, 1237, 30 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2012.02.078.
K. Dost and C. Ideli, Food Chem., 133, 193 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.001.
S.D. Yakan, B. Henkelmann, K.-W. Schramm and O.S. Okay, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 63, 471 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.02.055.
U.S. EPA web page http://epa.gov/waterscience/methods/pollutants.htm (2010).
K.H. Jung, J.K. Kim, J.H. Noh, J.W. Eun, H.J. Bae, M.G. Kim, Y.G. Chang, Q. Shen, S. Kim, S.H. Kwon, W.S. Park, J.Y. Lee and S.W. Nam, Toxicol. Lett., 216, 1 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.11.001.
D.H. Phillips, Nature, 303, 468 (1983); doi:10.1038/303468a0.
W. Xue and D. Warshawsky, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 206, 73 (2005); doi:10.1016/j.taap.2004.11.006.
A. Dipple, Carcinogenesis, 16, 437 (1995); doi:10.1093/carcin/16.3.437.
E.K. Weisburger, Mol. Cell. Biochem., 32, 95 (1980); doi:10.1007/BF00227802.
L.-H. Zhang, P.-J. Li, Z.-Q. Gong and A.A. Oni, J. Environ. Sci. (China), 18, 1226 (2006); doi:10.1016/S1001-0742(06)60067-3.
L. Zhang, P. Li, Z. Gong and X. Li, J. Hazard. Mater., 158, 478 (2008); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.01.119.
E. Kraleva, V. Karamfilov and G. Hibaum, Ecol. Chem. Eng. S., 19, 393 (2012).
D.J. Futoma, S. Smith, T.E. Smith and J. Tanaka, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, in Water Systems. Boca Raton: CRC Press (1983).
L. Pensado, E. Blanco, M.C. Casais, M.C. Mejuto, E. Martinez, A.M. Carro and R. Cela, J. Chromatogr. A, 1056, 121 (2004); doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2004.04.066.
Method 550, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington (1990).
N.C. van de Merbel, J.J. Hageman and U.A.Th. Brinkman, J. Chromatogr. A, 634, 1 (1993); doi:10.1016/0021-9673(93)80308-U.
R. Carabias-Martınez, E. Rodriguez-Gonzalo, P.H. Paniagua-Marcos and J. Hernández-Méndez, J. Chromatogr. A, 869, 427 (2000); doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(99)01218-2.
M.C. Hennion, J. Chromatogr. A, 856, 3 (1999); doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00832-8.
R. Carabias-Martinez, E. Rodriguez-Gonzalo, J. Dominguez-Álvarez and J. Hernández-Méndez, J. Chromatogr. A, 869, 451 (2000); doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(99)01273-X.
K.D. Buchholtz and J. Pawliszyn, Anal. Chem., 66, 160 (1994); doi:10.1021/ac00073a027.
A.A. Boyd-Boland, S. Magdic and J. Pawliszyn, Analyst, 121, 929 (1996); doi:10.1039/an9962100929.
M.S. Garcia-Falcón, B. Cancho-Grande and J. Simal-Gándara, Water Res., 38, 1679 (2004); doi:10.1016/j.watres.2003.12.034.
M. Bourdat-Deschamps, J.J. Daudin and E. Barriuso, J. Chromatogr. A, 1167, 143 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2007.08.025.
J.N. Brown and B.M. Peake, Anal. Chim. Acta, 486, 159 (2003); doi:10.1016/S0003-2670(03)00472-0.
W.W. Wang, Y.M. Huang, W.Q. Shu and J. Cao, J. Chromatogr. A, 1173, 27 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2007.10.027.
K. Li, H.F. Li, L.B. Liu, Y. Hashi, T. Maeda and J.M. Lin J. Chromatogr. A,1154, 74 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.129.
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A.J. King, J.W. Readman and J.L. Zhou, Anal. Chim. Acta, 523, 259 (2004); doi:10.1016/j.aca.2004.07.050.
S. Shariati-Feizabadi, Y. Yamini and N. Bahramifar, Anal. Chim. Acta, 489, 21 (2003); doi:10.1016/S0003-2670(03)00709-8.
M. Takino, S. Daishima, K. Yamaguchi and T. Nakahara, J. Chromatogr. A, 928, 53 (2001); doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01127-X.
F.H. Hussein, F.F. Karam and S.J. Baqir, Asian J. Chem., 26, (2014).
USEPA, US Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Register, 59 FR 1788 (1994).
F.F. Karam and F.H. Hussein S.J. Baqir and F.M. Abid, Asian J. Chem., 24, 5589 (2012).
D.A. Bright and N. Healey, Environ. Pollut., 126, 39 (2003); doi:10.1016/S0269-7491(03)00148-9.
C. Crépineau, G. Rychen, C. Feidt, Y. Le Roux, E. Lichtfouse and F. Laurent, J. Agric. Food Chem., 51, 4841 (2003); doi:10.1021/jf0210371.
H. Fromme, A. Oddoy, M. Piloty, M. Krause and T. Lahrz, Sci. Total Environ., 217, 165 (1998); doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00189-2.
L.H. Lim, R.M. Harrisson and S. Harrad, Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, 3538 (1999); doi:10.1021/es990392d.
P.J. Tsai, T.S. Shih, H.L. Chen, W.J. Lee, C.H. Lai and S.H. Liou, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 4748 (2002); doi:10.1021/es020721t.