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Vol. 26 No. 10 (2014): Vol 26 Issue 10

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Toxicity Assessment of Phosphonium Based Ionic Liquids Towards Female Guppy Fish

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.16276
Mohanad El-Harbawi
Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
Yasmin Syazwani Bt. Yusri
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40200 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
M. Ismail Hossain
Department of Chemistry, Chittagong University, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh

Corresponding Author(s) : Mohanad El-Harbawi

melharbawi@ksu.edu.sa

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 26 No. 10 (2014): Vol 26 Issue 10

Abstract

In this study, two phosphonium based ionic liquids (butyl triphenyl phosphonium chloride and hexyl triphenyl phosphonium bromide) have been synthesized using quarternization process. The toxicities of these ionic liquids are unknown and may be harmful to humans and the environment. Therefore, the toxicity assessment of these ionic liquids was carried out according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guideline 203 using female guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata). The median lethal concentrations (LC50) have been estimated for butyl triphenyl phosphonium chloride and for hexyl triphenyl phosphonium bromide to be 73.35 mg/L and 61.36 mg/L respectively. Both LC50 obtained can be identified as slightly toxic ionic liquids based on Acute Toxicity Rating Scale by by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). The findings from this study can be used for better design of phosphonium-based ionic liquids with consideration of their aquatic toxicities.

Keywords

Ionic liquids Fish Toxicity Lethal concentration
El-Harbawi, M., Syazwani Bt. Yusri, Y., & Ismail Hossain, M. (2014). Toxicity Assessment of Phosphonium Based Ionic Liquids Towards Female Guppy Fish. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 26(10), 2997–3000. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.16276
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