Copyright (c) 2014 AJC
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Degradation Behaviour of Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide in Solution Induced by Autoxidation of Pyrogallol
Corresponding Author(s) : Y.B. Tan
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 26 No. 11 (2014): Vol 26 Issue 11
Abstract
The degradation of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide in solution was studied using pyrogallol. This degradation could be induced without complicated treatments expect adding pyrogallol to hydrolyzed polyacrylamide solutions. Moreover, hydrolyzed polyacrylamide presented alkaline while progallol autoxidation could be effectively accelerated in alkaline environment. The decrease of apparent viscosity and weight-average molar mass as well as the aggregation radius of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide were evident in the degradation procedure. The mechanism of pyrogallol autoxidation was also investigated by UV-visible spectrum which indicated that superoxide radical generated in the pyrogallol autoxidation could attract the stone bones inducing the degradation of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide.
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- M.J. Caulfield, G.G. Qiao and D. H. Solomon, Chem. Rev., 102, 3067 (2002); doi:10.1021/cr010439p.
- M.J. Caulfield, X.J. Hao, G.G. Qiao and D.H. Solomon, Polymer, 44, 1331 (2003); doi:10.1016/S0032-3861(03)00003-X.
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- K. Nakamiya and S. Kinoshita, J. Fermen. Bioeng., 80, 418 (1995); doi:10.1016/0922-338X(95)94216-E.
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- G. Muller, J.C. Fenyo and E. Selegny, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 25, 627 (1980); doi:10.1002/app.1980.070250409.
- A.H. Abdel-Alim and A.E. Hamielec, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 17, 3769 (1973); doi:10.1002/app.1973.070171218.
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- S.P. Vijayalakshmi, D. Senapati and G. Madras, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 87, 521 (2005); doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.10.009.
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- U. Gröllmann and W. Schnabel, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 4, 203 (1982); doi:10.1016/0141-3910(82)90027-1.
- D.K. Ramsden and K. McKay, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 14, 217 (1986); doi:10.1016/0141-3910(86)90045-5.
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- D.K. Ramsden and K. McKay, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 15, 15 (1986); doi:10.1016/0141-3910(86)90003-0.
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References
M.J. Caulfield, G.G. Qiao and D. H. Solomon, Chem. Rev., 102, 3067 (2002); doi:10.1021/cr010439p.
M.J. Caulfield, X.J. Hao, G.G. Qiao and D.H. Solomon, Polymer, 44, 1331 (2003); doi:10.1016/S0032-3861(03)00003-X.
M.J. Caulfield, X.J. Hao, G.G. Qiao and D.H. Solomon, Polymer, 44, 3817 (2003); doi:10.1016/S0032-3861(03)00330-6.
D. Neradovic, M.J. Steenbergen, L. Vansteelant, Y.J. Meijer, C.F. Nostrum and W.E. Hennink, Macromolecules, 36, 7491 (2003); doi:10.1021/ma034381n.
Q.X. Wen, Z.Q. Chen, Y. Zhao, H.C. Zhang and Y.J. Feng, J. Hazard. Mater., 175, 955 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.102.
K. Nakamiya and S. Kinoshita, J. Fermen. Bioeng., 80, 418 (1995); doi:10.1016/0922-338X(95)94216-E.
W.D. Chen and H. Y. Liu, Biodegradation of Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamides in Aqueous Solution. Modern Multidisciplinary Applied Micro-biology: Exploiting Microbes and Their Interactions, Weinheim: Wiley, pp. 194-199 (2008).
W.M. Leung, D.E. Axelson and J.D. Van Dyke, J. Polym. Sci. A; Polym. Chem., 25, 1825 (1987); doi:10.1002/pola.1987.080250711.
M.-H. Yang, Polym. Test., 17, 191 (1998); doi:10.1016/S0142-9418(97)00036-6.
G. Muller, J.C. Fenyo and E. Selegny, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 25, 627 (1980); doi:10.1002/app.1980.070250409.
A.H. Abdel-Alim and A.E. Hamielec, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 17, 3769 (1973); doi:10.1002/app.1973.070171218.
W. Nagashiro and T. Tsunoda, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 21, 1149 (1977); doi:10.1002/app.1977.070210427.
A.M. Basedow, K.H. Ebert and H. Hunger, Makromol. Chem., 180, 411 (1979); doi:10.1002/macp.1979.021800215.
S.P. Vijayalakshmi and G. Madras, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 84, 341 (2004); doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.02.007.
H.Y. Yen and M.H. Yang, Polym. Test., 22, 129 (2003); doi:10.1016/S0142-9418(02)00054-5.
S.P. Vijayalakshmi, D. Senapati and G. Madras, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 87, 521 (2005); doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.10.009.
S.P. Vijayalakshmi and G. Madras, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 100, 3997 (2006); doi:10.1002/app.23190.
J.H. Li, X. Yang, X.D. Yu, L.L. Xu, W.L. Kang, W.H. Yan, H.F. Gao, Z.H. Liu and Y.H. Guo, Appl. Surf. Sci., 255, 3731 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2008.10.029.
J. Suzuki, S. Iizuka and S. Suzuki, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 22, 2109 (1978); doi:10.1002/app.1978.070220803.
S.P. Vijayalakshmi, A. Raichur and G. Madras, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 101, 3067 (2006); doi:10.1002/app.24115.
D.K. Ramsden, S. Fielding, N. Atkinson and M. Boota, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 17, 49 (1987); doi:10.1016/0141-3910(87)90047-4.
J.P. Gao, J.G. Yu, W. Wang and T. Lin, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 69, 791 (1998); doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19980725)69:4<791::AID-APP18>3.0.CO;2-S.
U. Gröllmann and W. Schnabel, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 4, 203 (1982); doi:10.1016/0141-3910(82)90027-1.
D.K. Ramsden and K. McKay, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 14, 217 (1986); doi:10.1016/0141-3910(86)90045-5.
T. Liu, H. You and Q.W. Chen, J. Hazard. Mater., 162, 860 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.05.110.
D.K. Ramsden and K. McKay, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 15, 15 (1986); doi:10.1016/0141-3910(86)90003-0.
Y.B. Li, X.D. Chen, M.Q. Zhang, W.A. Luo, J. Yang and F.M. Zhu, Macromolecules, 41, 4873 (2008); doi:10.1021/ma702800p.
X. Xin, G.Y. Xu, D. Wu, Y.M. Li and X.R. Cao, Colloids Surf. A, 305, 138 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.04.057.
B.H. Zimm, J. Chem. Phys., 16, 1099 (1948); doi:10.1063/1.1746740.
R.M. Gao, Z.B. Yuan, Z.Q. Zhao and X.R. Gao, Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg., 45, 41 (1998); doi:10.1016/S0302-4598(98)00072-5.