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LC-MSMS and GC-MS Analysis in Identification of Antioxidant and Immuno-Modulatory Molecules in Amukkara curanam
Corresponding Author(s) : P. Brindha
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 26 No. 12 (2014): Vol 26 Issue 12
Abstract
Amukkara curanam an anti HIV Siddha formulation was selected for the present work with a view to identify bioactive molecules that might be responsible in improving the immunity in HIV patients. This preparation is often prescribed by Siddha practitioners to manage this disorder. The selected formulation is procured from SKM Siddha Pharmacy (GMP certified), Erode, which contains eight different herbal ingredients. Attempts were being made to identify the bio active constituents present in the selected drug through GC-MS and LC-MSMS analysis. This is the first report on the chemical analysis of Amukkara curanam using sophisticated instrumentation techniques. The study revealed presence of antioxidant molecules such as furanone, caryophyllene oxide, a-zingiberene, zingiberone, apiol, a-eudesmol, nerolidol and gingerol. Besides, piperic acid an antioxidant and anti-viral molecule was also detected. Bio-enhancer and immunomodulatory agents such as piperine, withaferin A and withanolide A were also identified. Present study can contribute in providing chemical evidences for usage of this traditional preparation in the management of HIV, which helps the patients in enhancing their immune system.
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- Anonymous, The Siddha Formulary of India Part-I, edn 1, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi, p. 152 (1979).
- B. Kaurinovic, S. Vlaisavljevic, M. Popovic, D. Vastag and M. Djurendic-Brenesel, Molecules, 15, 5943 (2010); doi:10.3390/molecules15095943.
- S. Banerjee, H.I. Mullick and J. Banerjee, Int. J. Pharm. Biol. Sci., 2, 283 (2011).
- I. Elisia and D.D. Kitts, The Antioxidant Potential of Parsley and its Constituents; CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources, Nutrition and Natural Resources, 3, 1 (2009).
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- F. Amezouar, W. Badri, M. Hsaine, N. Bourhim and H. Fougrach, J. Appl. Pharm. Sci., 2, 212 (2012); doi:10.7324/JAPS.2012.2545.
- Y. Masuda, H. Kikuzaki, M. Hisamoto and N. Nakatani, Biofactors, 21, 293 (2004); doi:10.1002/biof.552210157.
- J. Upadhyay, R.K. Kesharwani and K. Misra, Bioinformation, 4, 233 (2009); doi:10.6026/97320630004233.
- R. Mittal and R.L. Gupta, Methods Find Exp. Clin. Pharmacol., 22, 271 (2000); doi:10.1358/mf.2000.22.5.796644.
- S.K. Bhattacharya, K.S. Satyan, S. Ghosal, Indian J. Exp. Biol., 35, 236 (1997).
- S.K. Verma and A. Kumar, Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res., 4, S1 (2011).
- K.E. Heim, A.R. Tagliaferro and D.J. Bobilya, J. Nutr. Biochem., 13, 572 (2002); doi:10.1016/S0955-2863(02)00208-5.
- P. Akbay, A. A. Basaran, U. Undeger, N. Basaran, Phytother Res., 17, 34 (2003); doi:10.1002/ptr.1068.
- E.J. Middleton, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 439, 175 (1998); doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-5335-9_13.
References
Anonymous, The Siddha Formulary of India Part-I, edn 1, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi, p. 152 (1979).
B. Kaurinovic, S. Vlaisavljevic, M. Popovic, D. Vastag and M. Djurendic-Brenesel, Molecules, 15, 5943 (2010); doi:10.3390/molecules15095943.
S. Banerjee, H.I. Mullick and J. Banerjee, Int. J. Pharm. Biol. Sci., 2, 283 (2011).
I. Elisia and D.D. Kitts, The Antioxidant Potential of Parsley and its Constituents; CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources, Nutrition and Natural Resources, 3, 1 (2009).
S.H. Kim, S.Y. Lee, C.Y. Hong, K.S. Gwak, M.J. Park, D. Smith and I.G. Choi, Int. J. Cosmet. Sci., 35, 484 (2013); doi:10.1111/ics.12069.
F. Amezouar, W. Badri, M. Hsaine, N. Bourhim and H. Fougrach, J. Appl. Pharm. Sci., 2, 212 (2012); doi:10.7324/JAPS.2012.2545.
Y. Masuda, H. Kikuzaki, M. Hisamoto and N. Nakatani, Biofactors, 21, 293 (2004); doi:10.1002/biof.552210157.
J. Upadhyay, R.K. Kesharwani and K. Misra, Bioinformation, 4, 233 (2009); doi:10.6026/97320630004233.
R. Mittal and R.L. Gupta, Methods Find Exp. Clin. Pharmacol., 22, 271 (2000); doi:10.1358/mf.2000.22.5.796644.
S.K. Bhattacharya, K.S. Satyan, S. Ghosal, Indian J. Exp. Biol., 35, 236 (1997).
S.K. Verma and A. Kumar, Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res., 4, S1 (2011).
K.E. Heim, A.R. Tagliaferro and D.J. Bobilya, J. Nutr. Biochem., 13, 572 (2002); doi:10.1016/S0955-2863(02)00208-5.
P. Akbay, A. A. Basaran, U. Undeger, N. Basaran, Phytother Res., 17, 34 (2003); doi:10.1002/ptr.1068.
E.J. Middleton, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 439, 175 (1998); doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-5335-9_13.