Issue

Vol. 26 No. 14 (2014): Vol 26 Issue 14

Copyright (c) 2014 AJC

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

River Odra Estuary (North-West Poland): Assessment of Physical and Chemical Parameters of Water on Basis of European Union Water Framework Directive

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.16072
Piotr Daniszewski
Faculty of Biology Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Limnology, University of Szczecin, 13 Waska Street, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland

Corresponding Author(s) : Piotr Daniszewski

daniszewski73@gmail.com

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 26 No. 14 (2014): Vol 26 Issue 14

Abstract

This paper presents the evaluation of physico-chemical parameters of water river Odra Estuary based on the European union water framework directive. Water is a necessary element for endurance of living on earth, which contains minerals, essential for human being as well as for earth and aquatic life. Lakes have long been at the center of human attention. To address the increasing degradation of surface waters in the European union, the approach to the evaluation and protection of water resources was changed. This approach was formulated in the European union water framework directive (2000/60/EC), which calls for the protection of water, as well as an environment-friendly and comprehensive approach to water assessment. The Odra Estuary includes, as its major part, the brackish Szczecin Lagoon which consists of two parts: the Kleines Haff (located in Germany) and the Wielki Zalew located in Poland. The Lagoon receives the river Odra water supplied from the south; prior to being discharged into the Lagoon, part of the Odra flow passes through Lake Dabie. The Odra (German: Oder) estuary is located at the southern Baltic sea (German-Polish border). It consists of the Szczecin Lagoon and the Pomeranian Bay. The Szczecin Lagoon (687 km2) can be subdivided into the "Large Lagoon" (Polish: Wielki Zalew) on the polish territory and the "Small Lagoon" (German: Kleines Haff) on the German side. The Lagoon is connected to the Pomeranian Bay via 3 outlets. The research was carried out in the years 2008-2012, between april and october. From each of the three measuring stations located in the water river Odra estuary included the study, two separate water samples were taken for chemical analysis. The studied water river Odra Estuary had pH values in the neutral range 7.76 to 7.89. According to the classification of the European union water framework directive, all water were classified as first class. The tests have demonstrated that water quality in the water Szczecin Lagoon with regard to the tested indicators varied. By analyzing the average annual values, one can note that the pH, O2diss and NO3- concentration showed a relatively small variation in all the investigated water. The total suspended solids in the river Odra Estuary, fell into the II class. The Ptot. concentrations in the surface layer of the water river Odra estuary was little differentiated, reaching the levels appropriate for the III quality class according to the classification of the European union water framework directive. The total phosphorus concentration was 0.48-0.69 mgP dm-3. The concentrations of PO43-diss in the tested waters varied more significantly-corresponding to water quality classes ranging from IV. The concentrations saturation with O2 was 42.9-96.3 %. In the case of nitrogen compounds, nitrates and nitrites values for these indicators fell into the I and II class in all the surveyed water river Odra Estuary in accordance with the classification of the European union water framework directive. The indicator which proves high productivity of the water is the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5). The level of this indicator in the studied river Odra estuary was at level III. The highest concentration of oxygen in the waters was found in the river Odra Estuary (about 8.3 mg O2 dm-3). In the remaining water oxygen levels were similar (still in I class). National sanitation foundation water quality index (NSF WQI) used for rating of water quality in river Odra estuary indicates that the quality of water is slightly polluted (WQI = 51.4).

Keywords

Water River Odra Estuary Chemical and physico-chemical indicators Water quality index
Daniszewski, P. (2014). River Odra Estuary (North-West Poland): Assessment of Physical and Chemical Parameters of Water on Basis of European Union Water Framework Directive. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 26(14), 4219–4223. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.16072
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. P. Daniszewski, Int. Lett. Chem., Phys. Astron., 1, 6 (2012).
  2. P. Daniszewski, Int. Lett. Chem., Phys. Astron., 1, 13 (2012).
  3. P. Daniszewski, Int. Lett. Chem., Phys. Astron., 2, 42 (2012).
  4. P. Daniszewski, Int. Lett. Chem., Phys. Astron., 2, 35 (2012).
  5. P. Daniszewski and R. Konieczny, Int. Lett. Chem., Phys. Astron., 4, 91 (2013).
  6. A. Kownacki, H. Soszka, D. Kudelska, T. Flejtuch, in eds. W. Geller, et al. Bioassessment of Polish Rivers Based on Macroinvertebrates, In: 11th Magdeburg Seminar on Waters in Central and Eastern Europe: Assessment, Protection, Management, Proceedings of the International Conference, 18-22 October, 2004 at UFZ-Bericht, 18, pp. 250-251 (2004).
  7. N.L. Nemerov, Stream, Lake, Estuary and Ocean Pollution, Van Nostrand, Reinhold Company, New York, pp. 185-189 (1985).
  8. G. Van Urk and B. de Vaate, in eds.: R. Kinzelbach and G. Friedrich, Ecological Studies in the Lower Rhine in The Netherlands; In: Biologie des Rheins. Limnologie Aktuell., vol. 1, pp. 131-145 (1990).
  9. E. Bajkiewicz-Grabowska, J. Hydrol. Sci., 8, 63 (1981).
  10. J.F. Wright, D. Moss, P.D. Armitage and M.T. Furse, Freshw. Biol., 14, 221 (1984); doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.1984.tb00039.x.
  11. O.S. Adefemi, S.S. Asaolu and O. Olaofe, Pak. Nut., 6, 657 (2007); doi:10.3923/pjn.2007.657.659.
  12. O.S. Adefemi and E.E. Awokunmi, African J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 4, 145 (2010).
  13. J.E. Bollinger, L.J. Steinberg, M.J. Harrison, J.P. Crews, A.J. Englande, C. Velasco-Gonzales, L.E. White and W.J. George, Water Res., 33, 2627 (1999); doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00117-7.
  14. R.K. Borówka, in ed.: M. Kaczanowska, Srodowisko Geograficzne, Budowa geologiczna i Rozwój Krajobrazu, In: Przyroda Pomorza Zachodniego Wyd. Oficyna in Plus, Szczecin, pp. 40-56 (2002).
  15. R.K. Borówka, A. Witkowski, J. Tomkowiak, M. Olas, K. Gusar and E. Liszkiewicz, in eds.: R.K. Borowka, Z. Mlynarczyk, A. Wojciechowski, Stratygraficzna i Przestrzenna Zmiennosc Litologiczna i Geochemiczna Osadów Wypelniajacych Zalew Szczecinski i Baseny przylegle, In: Ewolucja Geosystemow Nadmorskich Poludniowego Baltyku, Bogucki Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Poznan-Szczecin (1999).
  16. D.A. Dunnette, J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 51, 53 (1979).
  17. M. Sharifinia, Z. Ramezanpour, J. Imanpour, A. Mahmoudifard and T. Rahmani, Int. J. Adv. Biol. Biomed. Res., 1, 302 (2013).
  18. V. Simeonov, J.A. Stratis, C. Samara, G. Zachariadis, D. Voutsa, A. Anthemidis, M. Sofoniou and Th. Kouimtzis, Water Res., 37, 4119 (2003); doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00398-1.
  19. K.P. Singh, A. Malik, D. Mohan and S. Sinha, Water Res., 38, 3980 (2004); doi:10.1016/j.watres.2004.06.011.
  20. A. Srivastava, R. Kr, V. Gupta, G. Agarwal, S. Srivastava and I. Singh, VSRD-TNTJ, 2, 119 (2011).
  21. V.V. Sugunam, Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 5, 35 (1995).
  22. B. Wisniewski, in eds.: R.K. Borówka, Z. Mlynarczyk and A. Wojciechowski, Wspólczesne Zmiany Sredniego Poziomu Morza w Swinoujsciu, In: Ewolucja Geosystemów Nadmorskich Poludniowego Baltyku, Bogucki Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Poznan-Szczecin (1990).
  23. B. Wisniewski, T. Wolski and H. Kowalewska-Kalkowska, Wybrane Przyklady Krótkoterminowej, Sezonowej i Dlugoterminowej Zmiennosci Wahan Poziomu Morza u Wybrzezy Zatoki Pomorskiej, Problemy Fizyczne Ekologii wód Naturalnych, Materialy, Konferencje, 36, Wyd. US, Szczecin, vol. 1, pp. 237-242 (1998).
  24. T. Wolski, Ph.D. Thesis, Prady jeziora Dabie i ich zwiazek z rezimem hydrologicznym obszaru ujsciowego Odry, Instytut Nauk o Morzu, Uniwersytet Szczecinski, Szczecin, Poland (2005).
  25. E. Bécares, Limnetica, 25, 143 (2006).
  26. Z. Chudecki and L. Duda, Pol. Soil Sci., 4, 145 (1971).
  27. P. Daniszewski, Int. Lett. Chem., Phys. Astron., 2, 46 (2012).
  28. T. Fleituch, H. Soszka, D. Kudelska and A. Kownacki, Arch. Hydrobiol., Suppl.141/3, 225 (2002).
  29. Z. Kajak, Hydrobiology-limnology, Inland Water Ecosystems, PWN, Warsaw, pp. 355 (1998).
  30. Z. Kajak, Ekol. Pol., 31, 495 (1983).
  31. A. Kownacki and H. Soszka, Guidelines for the Evaluation of Status of Rivers on the Basis of Macroinvertebrates and for Intakes of Macroinvertebrate Samples in Lakes, Warsaw, p. 51 (2004).
  32. J. Kubiak, Acta Sci. Pol. Piscaria, 2, 141 (2003).
  33. W. Lampert and U. Sommer, Ecology of Inland Waters, Scientific Publishing PWN, Warsaw, pp. 415 (2001).
  34. A. Lelek, in ed.: D.P. Dodge, The Rhine River and some on its Tributaries Under Human Impact in the Last Two Centuries; In: Proceedings of International Large River Symposium, Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol. 106, pp. 469-487 (1989).
  35. A. Macioszczyk, Hydrochemistry, Warsaw, pp. 475 (1987).
  36. P. Psenner, B. Boström, M. Dinka, K. Pettersson, R. Pucsko and M. Sager, Arch. Hydrobiol. Beih. Ergebn. Limnol., 30, 83 (1988).
  37. A. Ikem, N.O. Egiebor and K. Nyavor, Soil Pollut., 149, 51 (2003); doi:10.1023/A:1025694315763.
  38. D.E. Lerda and C.H. Prosperi, Water Res., 30, 819 (1996); doi:10.1016/0043-1354(95)00226-X.
  39. Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 Establishing a Framework for Community Action in the Field of Water Policy, Off. J. Eur. Commun., L327, 22 December 2000.
  40. C. Richards, G.E. Host and J.W. Arthur, Freshw. Biol., 29, 285 (1993); doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.1993.tb00764.x.
  41. M. Søndergaard, K.D. Wolter and W. Ripl, in eds.: M.R. Perow and A.J. Davy, Chemical Treatment of Water and Sediments with Special Reference to Lakes, In: Handbook of Ecological Restoration, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 184-205 (2002).
  42. F. Garcia-Criado, A. Tomé, F.J. Vega and C. Antolin, Hydrobiologia, 394, 209 (1999); doi:10.1023/A:1003634228863.
  43. J. Janczak, Atlas Polish Lakes pp. 92-95 (1996).
  44. J. Trojanowski and J. Bruski, Baltic Coastal Zone, 4, 53 (2000).
  45. B. Zdanowski, Ekol. Polska, 31, 287 (1983).
  46. A. Mudroch, J.M. Azcue and P. Mudroch, Physico-Chemical Analysis of Aquatic Sediments. Lewis Publishers Boca Raton, New York, London, Tokyo (1997).
  47. J. Trojanowski, J. Antonowicz, M. Król and J. Bruski Soc., 1, 131 (2001).
Read More
Author biographies is not available.
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 0 Download : 0