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Optimization of Ethanol Extraction Process of Solanum nigrum Linn. and Structural Confirmation of its Compounds
Corresponding Author(s) : Ling-Yan Jian
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 26 No. 15 (2014): Vol 26 Issue 15
Abstract
This work reported the optimization of the ethanolic extraction process of Solanum nigrum Linn. and isolation, purification and identification of alkaloid constituents in Solanum nigrum Linn.. Orthogonal design was used to study the process optimization conditions, repeated silica gel column chromatography, preparative TLC, ODS column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and preparative HPLC were used to isolate the compounds. It can be seen from the results of orthogonal experiment and variance analysis that, the optimal extraction process of Solanum nigrum Linn. with solasonine yield as investigation index is A3D3B3C3, i.e. addition of a 10-fold amount of 90 % ethanol, three times of extraction and extraction duration of 3 h each; four compounds, namely solamargine, solasonine, uttroside A and uttroside B, were isolated by subjecting the alkaloid fraction of Solanum nigrum Linn. to repeated silica gel column chromatography, preparative TLC, ODS column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and preparative HPLC. 90 % ethanol can be used in the extraction of Solanum alkaloids, Solanum nigrum Linn. contains constituents such as solamargine, solasonine, uttroside A and uttroside B.
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- R.-M. Lu, X.-W. Tan and Y.Y. Zhou, Lishizhen Med. Mater. Med. Res., 1821 (2009).
- M.-H. Li, G. Ding and Z.-Q. Meng, Chinese J. Nat. Med., 360 (2007).
- S. Sadasivam and E.R. Shanmugasundaram, Enzymologia, 31, 203 (1966).
- K. Larsen, Nord. Med., 65, 1418 (1961).
- Y.-B. Ji, H.-L. Wang and S.-Y. Gao, Chin. Tradit. Herbal Drugs, 1200 (2005).
- T. Ikeda, H. Tsumagari, T. Honbu and T. Nohara, Biol. Pharm. Bull., 26, 1198 (2003); doi:10.1248/bpb.26.1198.
- S.-H. Wang, Y.-F. Cong, M. Liang and S.Q. Wang, Heilongjiang Medical J., 421 (2005).
- Y.O. Son, J. Kim, J.C. Lim, Y. Chung, G.-H. Chung and J.-C. Lee, Food Chem. Toxicol., 41, 1421 (2003); doi:10.1016/S0278-6915(03)00161-3.
- S. Sultana, S. Perwaiz, M. Iqbal and M. Athar, J. Ethnopharmacol., 45, 189 (1995); doi:10.1016/0378-8741(94)01214-K.
- K. Raju, G. Anbuganapathi, V. Gokulakrishnan, B. Rajkapoor, B. Jayakar and S. Manian, Biol. Pharm. Bull., 26, 1618 (2003); doi:10.1248/bpb.26.1618.
- J. He, H.M. Shen and X.-H. Zhang, J. Gansu Agric. Univ., 447 (2004).
- S.B. Mahato, N.P. Sahu, A.N. Ganguly, R. Kasai and O. Tanaka, Phytochemistry, 19, 2017 (1980); doi:10.1016/0031-9422(80)83026-3.
- X.H. Zhu, H. Tsumagari, T. Honbu, T. Ikeda, M. Ono and T. Nohara, Tetrahedron Lett., 42, 8043 (2001); doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(01)01711-7.
- J.M. Jin, Y.J. Zhang and C.R. Yang, J. Nat. Prod., 67, 5 (2004); doi:10.1021/np034028a.
- L.-Y. Wang, N.L.Wang and X.-S. Yao, J. Chin. Med. Mater., 30, 792 (2007).
- S.M. Aslanov, Khim. Prir. Soedin., 5, 674 (1971).
- H. Ripperger, Phytochemistry, 39, 1475 (1995); doi:10.1016/0031-9422(95)00150-6.
References
R.-M. Lu, X.-W. Tan and Y.Y. Zhou, Lishizhen Med. Mater. Med. Res., 1821 (2009).
M.-H. Li, G. Ding and Z.-Q. Meng, Chinese J. Nat. Med., 360 (2007).
S. Sadasivam and E.R. Shanmugasundaram, Enzymologia, 31, 203 (1966).
K. Larsen, Nord. Med., 65, 1418 (1961).
Y.-B. Ji, H.-L. Wang and S.-Y. Gao, Chin. Tradit. Herbal Drugs, 1200 (2005).
T. Ikeda, H. Tsumagari, T. Honbu and T. Nohara, Biol. Pharm. Bull., 26, 1198 (2003); doi:10.1248/bpb.26.1198.
S.-H. Wang, Y.-F. Cong, M. Liang and S.Q. Wang, Heilongjiang Medical J., 421 (2005).
Y.O. Son, J. Kim, J.C. Lim, Y. Chung, G.-H. Chung and J.-C. Lee, Food Chem. Toxicol., 41, 1421 (2003); doi:10.1016/S0278-6915(03)00161-3.
S. Sultana, S. Perwaiz, M. Iqbal and M. Athar, J. Ethnopharmacol., 45, 189 (1995); doi:10.1016/0378-8741(94)01214-K.
K. Raju, G. Anbuganapathi, V. Gokulakrishnan, B. Rajkapoor, B. Jayakar and S. Manian, Biol. Pharm. Bull., 26, 1618 (2003); doi:10.1248/bpb.26.1618.
J. He, H.M. Shen and X.-H. Zhang, J. Gansu Agric. Univ., 447 (2004).
S.B. Mahato, N.P. Sahu, A.N. Ganguly, R. Kasai and O. Tanaka, Phytochemistry, 19, 2017 (1980); doi:10.1016/0031-9422(80)83026-3.
X.H. Zhu, H. Tsumagari, T. Honbu, T. Ikeda, M. Ono and T. Nohara, Tetrahedron Lett., 42, 8043 (2001); doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(01)01711-7.
J.M. Jin, Y.J. Zhang and C.R. Yang, J. Nat. Prod., 67, 5 (2004); doi:10.1021/np034028a.
L.-Y. Wang, N.L.Wang and X.-S. Yao, J. Chin. Med. Mater., 30, 792 (2007).
S.M. Aslanov, Khim. Prir. Soedin., 5, 674 (1971).
H. Ripperger, Phytochemistry, 39, 1475 (1995); doi:10.1016/0031-9422(95)00150-6.