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Evaluation of Mineral Elements in Gentiana rigescens in China
Corresponding Author(s) : Yuan-Zhong Wang
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 26 No. 15 (2014): Vol 26 Issue 15
Abstract
Gentiana rigescens is an important traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Mineral elements play an important role in the formation of active components in medicinal plants. This study aimed to determine nine mineral elements in G. rigescens collected from 41 different sites in Yunnan and Guizhou provinces of China by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The average concentrations of mineral elements were in the order of K > Ca > Mg > Fe > Na > Zn > Cu > Cr > Se. According to correlation analysis, Zn-Cu had the highest positive correlation (r = 0.834), while Fe-Mg were the strongest negatively correlated (r = -0.649) (p < 0.01). Three significant groups classified by principal component analysis contained more than 71.39 % of all the important influential sources. This study provides a comprehensive survey of the concentrations of 9 mineral elements in wild G. rigescens samples collected from different sites in Yunnan and Guizhou provinces of China. Magnesium, Fe, Zn and Cu, were viewed as the characteristic mineral elements of G. rigescens according to principal component analysis.
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References
T.N. Ho, S.W. Liu and Q.J. Wu, Flora Republicae Popularis Sinicae, Science Press, Beijing, p. 100 (1988).
State Chinese Medicine Administration Bureau, Selected Works of Chinese Bencao, Shanghai Science and Technology Press, Shanghai, p. 1489 (1998).
State Pharmacopoeia Commission, Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China, Volume I, China Medical Science Press, Beijing, p. 89 (2010).
W.X. Yang, L. Zhou, H.L. Geng and B.F. Qin, Acta Bot. Boreali-occidentalia Sin., 23, 2235 (2003).
S. Kowarski, C.S. Blair-Stanek and D. Schatcher, Am. J. Physiol., 226, 401 (1974).
L.G. Wang, J. Anal. Sci., 23, 471 (2007).
H.M. Wen, X.H. Chen, T.X. Dong, H.Q. Zhang and K.S. Bi, China J. Chin. Mater. Med., 31, 1314 (2006).
A. Kolasani, H. Xu and M. Millikan, Food Chem., 127, 1465 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.01.106.
K. Pazurkiewicz-Kocot, A. Kita and M. Pietruszka, Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 39, 2303 (2008); doi:10.1080/00103620802292343.
R. Choudhury and A. Garg, Food Chem., 104, 1454 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.02.013.
M.P. Rayman, Lancet, 356, 233 (2000); doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02490-9.
R. Seboussi, B. Faye, G. Alhadrami, M. Askar, W. Ibrahim, B. Mahjoub, K. Hassan, T. Moustafa and A. Elkhouly, Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 133, 34 (2010); doi:10.1007/s12011-009-8410-1.
S. Razić, A. Onjia, S. Đogo, L. Slavkovic and A. Popovic, Talanta, 67, 233 (2005); doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2005.03.023.
S.A. Nasim and B. Dhir, Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 203, 139 (2010); doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1352-4_5.
P. Chang, S.Y. Wang and P.J. Wang, Chin. J. Spectrosc. Lab., 23, 723 (2006).
S.F. Dong, J. Liu, H.B. Dong, W.P. Zang and J.H. Liu, Spectrosc. Spect. Anal., 26, 2150 (2006).
B. Qi, L.L. Ding, J.H. Cui, Y.H. Wang, H. Zhang and B. Li, Food Sci., 30, 303 (2009).
H.W. Wang and Y.Q. Liu, Food Chem., 121, 887 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.01.012.
J.Y. Zhang, Y.Z. Wang, H. Jin and W.Z. Yang, Spectrosc. Spect. Anal., 29, 2247 (2009).
S. Jabeen, M.T. Shah, S. Khan and M.Q. Hayat, J. Med. Plants Res., 4, 559 (2010); doi:10.5897/JMPR10.015.
U. Cobanoglu, H. Demir, F. Sayir, M. Duran and D.G. Mergan, Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev., 11, 1383 (2010).
M.A. Ajasa, O.M. Bello, A.O. Ibrahim, I.A. Ogunwande and N.O. Olawore, Food Chem., 85, 67 (2004); doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.06.004.
W.H. Allaway, Adv. Agron., 20, 235 (1968); doi:10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60858-5.
P. Singh, J.S. Negi, M.S.M. Rawat and G.J.N. Pant, Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 138, 293 (2010); doi:10.1007/s12011-009-8603-7.
F. Yang, H.L. Wang, C.T. Li and Y.R. Suo, Guangdong Trace Elem. Sci., 15, 34 (2008).
Q.F. Yu and Q.X. Wu, Acta Chin. Med. Pharm., 37, 68 (2009).
M. Khajeh, A. Reza Akbari Moghaddam and E. Sanchooli, Food Anal. Method, 3, 133 (2010); doi:10.1007/s12161-009-9099-7.
World Health Organization, World Health Organization Guidelines for Assessing Quality of Herbal Medicines with Reference to Contaminants and Residues, World Health Organization, Geneva, p. 24 (2007).
H.L. Fang, Q.S. Guo and Q.S. Shao, China J. Chin. Mater. Med., 35, 2432 (2010).
J.H. Fu, M.H. Yu, W.Q. Xu and Y. Zhang, Stud. Trace Elem. Health, 28, 66 (2011).