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Evaluation of Fatty Acid Compositions of Yogurts in Turkey
Corresponding Author(s) : Abdurrahman Aktumsek
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 26 No. 15 (2014): Vol 26 Issue 15
Abstract
In this study, fatty acid composition and conjugated linoleic acid content of some yogurts in Turkey were determined. Total 50 yogurt samples belonging to 16 different national yogurt brands were analyzed by using GC. These samples categorized as whole yogurts, light yogurts, probiotic yogurts and fruity yogurts. Generally, palmitic acid (28.840-30.160 %), oleic acid (26.003-27.533 %) and stearic acid (11.413-12.077 %) were major fatty acids. Total conjugated linoleic acid percentages varied between 0.790 and 0.862 %. The results have shown that fatty acids compositions of yogurts have a desirable characteristic for healthy diet when their levels of conjugated linoleic acid contents are considered.
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- R. Van der Meer, I.M.J. Bovee-Oudenhoven, A.L.A. Sesink and J.H. Kleibeuker, Int. Dairy J., 8, 163 (1998); doi:10.1016/S0958-6946(98)80001-0.
- Codex Alimentarius. Codex Standard for Fermented Milks, CODEX STAN243-2003; http://www.codexalimentarius.net/web/standard_list.do. (2003).
- E.S. Klaasens, Ph.D. Thesis, Exploring the Functionality of Intestinal Bifidobacteria: A Post-Genomic Approach, Wageningen University and Research Center, The Netherlands (2007); ISBN: 978-8504-714-8.
- S. Gerdes, Food Prod. Design, 3, 68 (2007).
- G. Reid, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 65, 3763 (1999).
- P. Stark and A. Lee, J. Med. Microbiol., 15, 189 (1982); doi:10.1099/00222615-15-2-189.
- A. Lourens-Hattingh and B.C. Viljoen, Int. Dairy J., 11, 1 (2001); doi:10.1016/S0958-6946(01)00036-X.
- P.R. Marteu, M. Vrese, C.J. Cellier and J. Schrezenmeir, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 73, 430 (2001).
- H.-S. Lye, C.-Y. Kuan, J.-A. Ewe, W.-Y. Fung and M.-T. Liong, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 10, 3755 (2009); doi:10.3390/ijms10093755.
- K.D. Arunachalam, Nutr. Res., 19, 1559 (1999); doi:10.1016/S0271-5317(99)00112-8.
- A. Baroutkoub, R.Z. Mehdi, R. Beglarian, J. Hassan, S. Zahra, M.S. Mohammad and E.M. Hadi, Sci. Res. Essays., 5, 2206 (2010).
- G. Kießling, J. Schneider and G. Jahreis, Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 56, 843 (2002); doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601399.
- E. Fabian and I. Elmadfa, Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res., 77, 79 (2007); doi:10.1024/0300-9831.77.2.79.
- R.K. Robinson and P. Itsaranuwat, in ed.: A. Tamime, Properties of Yogurt and Their Appraisal, In Fermented Milks, Blackwell Publishing, Ames, IA pp. 76-93 (2006).
- J. Domagala, M. Sady, T. Grega, H. Pustkowiak and A. Florkiewicz, J. Food Compos. Anal., 23, 238 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2009.11.002.
- Y.L. Ha, N.K. Grimm and M.W. Pariza, J. Agric. Food Chem., 37, 75 (1989); doi:10.1021/jf00085a018.
- P.W. Parodi, Aust. J. Dairy Technol., 49, 93 (1994).
- N.C. Shanta, L.N. Ram, J. O’Leary, C.L. Hicks and E.A. Decker, J. Food Sci., 60, 695 (1995); doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1995.tb06208.x.
- D.R. Erickson and W.L. Dunkley, Anal. Chem., 36, 1055 (1964); doi:10.1021/ac60212a029.
- AOCS, Official Method Ce 2-66, Preparation of Methyl Esters of Fatty Acids, Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the AOCS, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., Champaign, Illinois (1997).
- T.D. Boylston and D.C. Beitz, J. Food Sci., 67, 1973 (2002); doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb08755.x.
- T.L. Ulbricht and D.A. Southgate, Lancet, 338, 985 (1991); doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)91846-M.
- A. Sofie Biong, P. Berstad and J.I. Pedersen, Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 108, 827 (2006); doi:10.1002/ejlt.200600044.
- A.K. Seckin, O. Gursoy, O. Kinik and N. Akbulut, LWT-Food Sci. Technol., 38, 909 (2005); doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2004.09.011.
- A. Prandini, S. Sigolo, G. Tansini, N. Brogna and G. Piva, J. Food Compos. Anal., 20, 472 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2007.03.001.
- A.C.R. Florence, R.C. da Silva, A.P. do Espírito Santo, L.A. Gioielli, A.Y. Tamime and M.N. de Oliveira, Dairy Sci. Technol., 89, 541 (2009); doi:10.1051/dst/2009030.
- A.H.K. MacGibbon and M.W. Taylor, in eds.: P.F. Fox and P.L.H. McSweeney, Composition and Structure of Bovine Milk Lipids, Advanced Dairy Chemistry, pp. 1-42, Springer, New York (2006).
- D.E. Bauman, I.H. Mather, R.J. Wall and A.L. Lock, J. Dairy Sci., 89, 1235 (2006); doi:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72192-0.
- S.A. Werner, L.O. Luedecke and T.D. Shultz, J. Agric. Food Chem., 40, 1817 (1992); doi:10.1021/jf00022a017.
- D. Kritchevsky, Nutr. Bull., 25, 25 (2000); doi:10.1046/j.1467-3010.2000.00017.x.
- T.R. Dhiman, S.H. Nam and A.L. Ure, Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 45, 463 (2005); doi:10.1080/10408390591034463.
- G. Jahreis, J. Fritsche and H. Steinhart, Nutr. Res., 17, 1479 (1997); doi:10.1016/S0271-5317(97)00138-3.
- M.L. Kelly, E.S. Kolver, D.E. Bauman, M.E. Van Amburgh and L.D. Muller, J. Dairy Sci., 81, 1630 (1998); doi:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(98)75730-3.
- S.L. White, G.A. Benson, S.P. Washburn and J.T. Green Jr, J. Dairy Sci., 85, 95 (2002); doi:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74057-5.
- A.T. Ward, K.M. Wittenberg, H.M. Froebe, R. Przybylski and L. Malcolmson, J. Dairy Sci., 86, 1742 (2003); doi:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73760-6.
- G.O. Guler, A. Aktumsek and A. Karabacak, Kafkas Univ. Vet. Fak., 17, 885 (2011).
- G.O. Guler, Y.S. Cakmak, G. Zengin, A. Aktumsek and K. Akyildiz, Kafkas Univ. Vet. Fak., 16, 37 (2010).
- G. Zengin, Y.S. Cakmak, G.O. Guler, E. Oguz, A. Aktumsek and M. Akin, Int. J. Dairy Technol., 64, 509 (2011); doi:10.1111/j.1471-0307.2011.00697.x.
References
R. Van der Meer, I.M.J. Bovee-Oudenhoven, A.L.A. Sesink and J.H. Kleibeuker, Int. Dairy J., 8, 163 (1998); doi:10.1016/S0958-6946(98)80001-0.
Codex Alimentarius. Codex Standard for Fermented Milks, CODEX STAN243-2003; http://www.codexalimentarius.net/web/standard_list.do. (2003).
E.S. Klaasens, Ph.D. Thesis, Exploring the Functionality of Intestinal Bifidobacteria: A Post-Genomic Approach, Wageningen University and Research Center, The Netherlands (2007); ISBN: 978-8504-714-8.
S. Gerdes, Food Prod. Design, 3, 68 (2007).
G. Reid, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 65, 3763 (1999).
P. Stark and A. Lee, J. Med. Microbiol., 15, 189 (1982); doi:10.1099/00222615-15-2-189.
A. Lourens-Hattingh and B.C. Viljoen, Int. Dairy J., 11, 1 (2001); doi:10.1016/S0958-6946(01)00036-X.
P.R. Marteu, M. Vrese, C.J. Cellier and J. Schrezenmeir, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 73, 430 (2001).
H.-S. Lye, C.-Y. Kuan, J.-A. Ewe, W.-Y. Fung and M.-T. Liong, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 10, 3755 (2009); doi:10.3390/ijms10093755.
K.D. Arunachalam, Nutr. Res., 19, 1559 (1999); doi:10.1016/S0271-5317(99)00112-8.
A. Baroutkoub, R.Z. Mehdi, R. Beglarian, J. Hassan, S. Zahra, M.S. Mohammad and E.M. Hadi, Sci. Res. Essays., 5, 2206 (2010).
G. Kießling, J. Schneider and G. Jahreis, Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 56, 843 (2002); doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601399.
E. Fabian and I. Elmadfa, Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res., 77, 79 (2007); doi:10.1024/0300-9831.77.2.79.
R.K. Robinson and P. Itsaranuwat, in ed.: A. Tamime, Properties of Yogurt and Their Appraisal, In Fermented Milks, Blackwell Publishing, Ames, IA pp. 76-93 (2006).
J. Domagala, M. Sady, T. Grega, H. Pustkowiak and A. Florkiewicz, J. Food Compos. Anal., 23, 238 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2009.11.002.
Y.L. Ha, N.K. Grimm and M.W. Pariza, J. Agric. Food Chem., 37, 75 (1989); doi:10.1021/jf00085a018.
P.W. Parodi, Aust. J. Dairy Technol., 49, 93 (1994).
N.C. Shanta, L.N. Ram, J. O’Leary, C.L. Hicks and E.A. Decker, J. Food Sci., 60, 695 (1995); doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1995.tb06208.x.
D.R. Erickson and W.L. Dunkley, Anal. Chem., 36, 1055 (1964); doi:10.1021/ac60212a029.
AOCS, Official Method Ce 2-66, Preparation of Methyl Esters of Fatty Acids, Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the AOCS, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., Champaign, Illinois (1997).
T.D. Boylston and D.C. Beitz, J. Food Sci., 67, 1973 (2002); doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb08755.x.
T.L. Ulbricht and D.A. Southgate, Lancet, 338, 985 (1991); doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)91846-M.
A. Sofie Biong, P. Berstad and J.I. Pedersen, Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 108, 827 (2006); doi:10.1002/ejlt.200600044.
A.K. Seckin, O. Gursoy, O. Kinik and N. Akbulut, LWT-Food Sci. Technol., 38, 909 (2005); doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2004.09.011.
A. Prandini, S. Sigolo, G. Tansini, N. Brogna and G. Piva, J. Food Compos. Anal., 20, 472 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2007.03.001.
A.C.R. Florence, R.C. da Silva, A.P. do Espírito Santo, L.A. Gioielli, A.Y. Tamime and M.N. de Oliveira, Dairy Sci. Technol., 89, 541 (2009); doi:10.1051/dst/2009030.
A.H.K. MacGibbon and M.W. Taylor, in eds.: P.F. Fox and P.L.H. McSweeney, Composition and Structure of Bovine Milk Lipids, Advanced Dairy Chemistry, pp. 1-42, Springer, New York (2006).
D.E. Bauman, I.H. Mather, R.J. Wall and A.L. Lock, J. Dairy Sci., 89, 1235 (2006); doi:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72192-0.
S.A. Werner, L.O. Luedecke and T.D. Shultz, J. Agric. Food Chem., 40, 1817 (1992); doi:10.1021/jf00022a017.
D. Kritchevsky, Nutr. Bull., 25, 25 (2000); doi:10.1046/j.1467-3010.2000.00017.x.
T.R. Dhiman, S.H. Nam and A.L. Ure, Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 45, 463 (2005); doi:10.1080/10408390591034463.
G. Jahreis, J. Fritsche and H. Steinhart, Nutr. Res., 17, 1479 (1997); doi:10.1016/S0271-5317(97)00138-3.
M.L. Kelly, E.S. Kolver, D.E. Bauman, M.E. Van Amburgh and L.D. Muller, J. Dairy Sci., 81, 1630 (1998); doi:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(98)75730-3.
S.L. White, G.A. Benson, S.P. Washburn and J.T. Green Jr, J. Dairy Sci., 85, 95 (2002); doi:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74057-5.
A.T. Ward, K.M. Wittenberg, H.M. Froebe, R. Przybylski and L. Malcolmson, J. Dairy Sci., 86, 1742 (2003); doi:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73760-6.
G.O. Guler, A. Aktumsek and A. Karabacak, Kafkas Univ. Vet. Fak., 17, 885 (2011).
G.O. Guler, Y.S. Cakmak, G. Zengin, A. Aktumsek and K. Akyildiz, Kafkas Univ. Vet. Fak., 16, 37 (2010).
G. Zengin, Y.S. Cakmak, G.O. Guler, E. Oguz, A. Aktumsek and M. Akin, Int. J. Dairy Technol., 64, 509 (2011); doi:10.1111/j.1471-0307.2011.00697.x.