Interactions Between Acidic (Al3+, Fe2+) and Basic (Ca2+, Mg2+) Cations in Oxisol and Ultisol under Acidification Induced by Simulated Acid Rain

Rab Nawaz; Muhammad Arshad; Muhammad Shahzad Sarfraz; Muhammad Waseem Ashraf; Muhammad Umar Hayyat; Rashid Mahmood; Preeda Parkpian

doi:10.14233/ajchem.2014.16229

Issue

Vol. 26 No. 15 (2014): Vol 26 Issue 15

Issue Published : July 16, 2014

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Interactions Between Acidic (Al3+, Fe2+) and Basic (Ca2+, Mg2+) Cations in Oxisol and Ultisol under Acidification Induced by Simulated Acid Rain

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.16229

Rab Nawaz

Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan ;Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan

Muhammad Arshad

Department of Agriculture and Food Technology, Karakoram International University, Gilgit-Baltistan 15100, Pakistan

Muhammad Shahzad Sarfraz

Department of Computer Science, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Chiniot-Faisalabad Campus, Pakistan

Muhammad Waseem Ashraf

Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan

Muhammad Umar Hayyat

Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan

Rashid Mahmood

Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan

Preeda Parkpian

Environmental Engineering and Management,Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand

Corresponding Author(s) : Rab Nawaz

dr.rabnawaz@uog.edu.pk

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 26 No. 15 (2014): Vol 26 Issue 15
Article Published : July 16, 2014

Abstract

This study focuses on the interactions of aluminum and iron with exchangeable bivalent base cations (Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺) at different acidity levels in soils treated with acidic solutions. Acidic (pH 5.0, 4.0, 3.5, 3.0, 2.5, 2.0) and non-acidic (7, control) solutions were applied to the soil columns for 45 days representing average annual rainfall. Soil samples from different depths were analyzed for soil pH (acidity) and target elements (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Al³⁺ and Fe²⁺). The extractable aluminum and iron increased with a decrease in the concentration of exchangeable calcium and magnesium as the soil pH drops to 5 or low particularly in the upper layers of the investigated soils. The concentrations of soluble base cations increased as soil pH became moderately acidic and decreased as soil pH became highly acidic. However, concentration of exchangeable base cations decreased at higher levels of acidity due to accelerated transformations of exchangeable forms into soluble ones.

Keywords

Soil acidity Base cations Trace elements Acidic deposition Southeast Asia Thailand

Nawaz, R., Arshad, M., Shahzad Sarfraz, M., Waseem Ashraf, M., Umar Hayyat, M., Mahmood, R., & Parkpian, P. (2014). Interactions Between Acidic (Al3+, Fe2+) and Basic (Ca2+, Mg2+) Cations in Oxisol and Ultisol under Acidification Induced by Simulated Acid Rain. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 26(15), 4794–4800. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.16229

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References

N.C. Brady and R.R. Well, The Nature and Properties of Soils, Pearson Education, New York, USA, edn 13 (2002).
M.E. Sumner, M.V. Fey and A.D. Noble, in eds.: B. Ulrich and M.E. Sumner, Nutrient Status and Toxicity Problems in Acid Soils, Chap. Soil acidity, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 149-182 (1991).
P. Lavelle, A. Chauvel and C. Fragoso, Plant Soil Interactions at Low pH: Principles and Management, ed. R.A. Date et al., Chap. Faunal Activity in Acid Soils, Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 201-211 (1995).
K. Yoothong, L. Moncharoen, P. Vijarnson and H. Eswaran, Appl. Clay Sci., 11, 357 (1997); doi:10.1016/S0169-1317(96)00033-6.
US Department of Agriculture, USDA, The Twelve Soil Orders: Soil Taxonomy (2011); http://soils.cals.uidaho.edu/soilorders/index.htm.
R. Nawaz, S. Ahmad, M. Arshad and P. Parkpian, Int. J. Food Agric. Environ., 10, 956 (2012).
R. Nawaz, P. Parkpian, H. Garivait, P. Anurakpongsatorn, R.D. DeLaune and A. Jugsujinda, Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 43, 1382 (2012); doi:10.1080/00103624.2012.670347.
B.H. Sheldrick and C. Wang, in ed.: M.R. Carter, Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis, Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publishers, Chap. Particle Size Distribution, Canadian Society of Soil Science, pp. 499-511 (1993).
D.W. Nelson and L.E. Sommers, in eds: ed. A.L. Page, R.H. Miller and D.R. Keeney, Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2: Chemical and Micro-biological Properties, Chap. Total Carbon, Organic Carbon, and Organic Matter, Madison, Wisconsin: SSSAJ, pp. 539-579 (1982).
W.H. Hendershot, H. Lalande and M. Duquette, in ed.: M.R. Carter, Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis, Chap. Ion Exchange and Exchangeable Cations, Boca Raton, FL: Canadian Society of Soil Science, Lewis Publishers, pp. 197-206 (2006).
R. Barnhisel and P.M. Bertsch, in eds.: eds. A.L. Page, R.H. Miller and D.R. Keeney, Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties, Chap. Aluminum, Madison, Wisconsin: SSSA, pp. 275-300 (1982).
J.D. Rhoades, in eds.: A.L. Page, R.H. Miller and D.R. Keeney, Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties, Soluble Salts, Madison, Wisc.: SSS, pp. 167-179 (1982).
G.W. Thomas, in eds.: A.L. Page, R.H. Miller, and D.R. Keeney, Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties, Chap. Exchangeable cations, Madison, Wisc.: SSSA, edn 2, pp. 159-165 (1982).
R.V. Olson and R. Ellis Jr., in eds.: A.L. Page, R.H. Miller and D.R. Keeney, Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties, Chap. Iron, Madison, Wisconsin, edn 2, pp. 301-312 (1982).
C. Meriño-Gergichevich, M. Alberdi, A.G. Ivanov and M. Reyes-Díaz, J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 10, 217 (2010).
R. Nawaz, P. Parkpiam, M. Arshad, F. Ahmed, H. Garivait and A.S. Ali, Asian J. Chem., 25, 9891 (2013); doi:10.14233/ajchem.2013.15560.

References

N.C. Brady and R.R. Well, The Nature and Properties of Soils, Pearson Education, New York, USA, edn 13 (2002).

M.E. Sumner, M.V. Fey and A.D. Noble, in eds.: B. Ulrich and M.E. Sumner, Nutrient Status and Toxicity Problems in Acid Soils, Chap. Soil acidity, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 149-182 (1991).

P. Lavelle, A. Chauvel and C. Fragoso, Plant Soil Interactions at Low pH: Principles and Management, ed. R.A. Date et al., Chap. Faunal Activity in Acid Soils, Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 201-211 (1995).

K. Yoothong, L. Moncharoen, P. Vijarnson and H. Eswaran, Appl. Clay Sci., 11, 357 (1997); doi:10.1016/S0169-1317(96)00033-6.

US Department of Agriculture, USDA, The Twelve Soil Orders: Soil Taxonomy (2011); http://soils.cals.uidaho.edu/soilorders/index.htm.

R. Nawaz, S. Ahmad, M. Arshad and P. Parkpian, Int. J. Food Agric. Environ., 10, 956 (2012).

R. Nawaz, P. Parkpian, H. Garivait, P. Anurakpongsatorn, R.D. DeLaune and A. Jugsujinda, Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 43, 1382 (2012); doi:10.1080/00103624.2012.670347.

B.H. Sheldrick and C. Wang, in ed.: M.R. Carter, Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis, Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publishers, Chap. Particle Size Distribution, Canadian Society of Soil Science, pp. 499-511 (1993).

D.W. Nelson and L.E. Sommers, in eds: ed. A.L. Page, R.H. Miller and D.R. Keeney, Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2: Chemical and Micro-biological Properties, Chap. Total Carbon, Organic Carbon, and Organic Matter, Madison, Wisconsin: SSSAJ, pp. 539-579 (1982).

W.H. Hendershot, H. Lalande and M. Duquette, in ed.: M.R. Carter, Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis, Chap. Ion Exchange and Exchangeable Cations, Boca Raton, FL: Canadian Society of Soil Science, Lewis Publishers, pp. 197-206 (2006).

R. Barnhisel and P.M. Bertsch, in eds.: eds. A.L. Page, R.H. Miller and D.R. Keeney, Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties, Chap. Aluminum, Madison, Wisconsin: SSSA, pp. 275-300 (1982).

J.D. Rhoades, in eds.: A.L. Page, R.H. Miller and D.R. Keeney, Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties, Soluble Salts, Madison, Wisc.: SSS, pp. 167-179 (1982).

G.W. Thomas, in eds.: A.L. Page, R.H. Miller, and D.R. Keeney, Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties, Chap. Exchangeable cations, Madison, Wisc.: SSSA, edn 2, pp. 159-165 (1982).

R.V. Olson and R. Ellis Jr., in eds.: A.L. Page, R.H. Miller and D.R. Keeney, Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties, Chap. Iron, Madison, Wisconsin, edn 2, pp. 301-312 (1982).

C. Meriño-Gergichevich, M. Alberdi, A.G. Ivanov and M. Reyes-Díaz, J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 10, 217 (2010).

R. Nawaz, P. Parkpiam, M. Arshad, F. Ahmed, H. Garivait and A.S. Ali, Asian J. Chem., 25, 9891 (2013); doi:10.14233/ajchem.2013.15560.

Issue

Vol. 26 No. 15 (2014): Vol 26 Issue 15

Interactions Between Acidic (Al3+, Fe2+) and Basic (Ca2+, Mg2+) Cations in Oxisol and Ultisol under Acidification Induced by Simulated Acid Rain

Corresponding Author(s) : Rab Nawaz

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