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Vol. 38 No. 8 (2026): Vol 38, Issue 8 (2026)

Copyright (c) 2026 Sivakami A, Senthil Kumar Muniasamy, Gopala Krishna Gumpalli Venkata Thirumala, Manimaraboopathy M, Velmurugan V

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Thermally Activated Construction Waste-Derived Silicate Adsorbents for Benzene Removal in Aqueous Solution Using Fixed-Bed Column Studies

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2026.36184
Senthil Kumar Muniasamy
Department of Biotechnology, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, Karpaga Vinayaga Educational Lore for Learning (Deemed to be University), Chinna Kolambakkam, Chengalpattu-603308, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-4044
Gopala Krishna Gumpalli Venkata Thirumala
Department of Civil Engineering, PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Kothandaraman Nagar, Dindigul-624622, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0419-3298
M. Manimaraboopathy
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai-600062, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3249-0978
V. Velmurugan
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai-600062, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6786-5437
A. Sivakami
Department of Physics, Sri Eshwar College of Engineering, Kinathukadavu, Coimbatore-641202, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5075-6365

Corresponding Author(s) : A. Sivakami

sivakamitce@gmail.com

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 38 No. 8 (2026): Vol 38, Issue 8 (2026)

Abstract

This study reports the efficiency of continuous column adsorption for removal efficiency of benzene from aqueous solutions using thermally modified inorganic adsorbents. Brick powder (BP), granite powder (GP) and their composite mixture (BGM) were employed as adsorbent materials under varying thermal treatment conditions and column heights to assess their adsorption performance. Benzene concentrations of 5.56 mg/L, 3.10 mg/L and 1.28 mg/L were evaluated in a continuous flow system. The experimental data were analysed using the Thomas and Yoon-Nelson kinetic models to determine the rate constants (KTH and KYN) and the maximum solid-phase adsorption capacity (qe). Thomas model exhibited excellent correlation with the experimental data, with regression coefficients (R2) of 0.910, 0.980 and 0.976 for benzene concentrations of 5.56, 3.10 and 1.28 mg/L, respectively. Similarly, the Yoon-Nelson model showed strong agreement, with R2 values of 0.998, 0.978 and 0.916 for the respective concentrations. XRD and SEM studies revealed that the thermal activation at elevated temperatures significantly enhanced the surface area and pore morphology of the adsorbents, transforming them from homogeneous to heterogeneous structures. The BP400 ºC column demonstrated the highest adsorption capacity and breakthrough efficiency, attributed to improved surface roughness and porosity. The results confirm that thermal modification improves the adsorption performance of both BP- and GP-based materials, making them suitable candidates for the removal of benzene and the treatment of contaminated water.

Keywords

Adsorption Brick powder Granite powder Surface morphology Kinetic study
(1)
Muniasamy, S. K.; Gumpalli Venkata Thirumala, G. K.; Manimaraboopathy, M.; Velmurugan, V.; Sivakami, A. Thermally Activated Construction Waste-Derived Silicate Adsorbents for Benzene Removal in Aqueous Solution Using Fixed-Bed Column Studies. ajc 2026, 38, 2025-2036.
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