Issue

Vol. 38 No. 8 (2026): Vol 38, Issue 8 (2026)

Copyright (c) 2026 Thangarasu S, Murugan A

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Structural, Spectroscopic, Quantum Chemical and Molecular Docking Studies on 2-Aminopyridinium Dihydrogen Phosphate: A Potential Multi-Target Bioactive Molecule

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2026.36392
G. Sivaraj
Department of Physics, Government Arts College, Salem-636007, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-3865
N. Jayamani
Department of Physics, Government Arts College, Salem-636007, India
T.M. Viswanathan
Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore- 641021, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3463-0735
S. Thangarasu
Department of Physics, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil-626126, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4165-4727
S. Kannan
Department of Physics, Government Arts College for Men, Krishnagiri-635001, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9880-7093
A. Murugan
Department of Science and Humanities, Karpagam College of Engineering, Coimbatore-641032, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6168-4616
B. Manikandan
Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore- 641021, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2996-0729

Corresponding Author(s) : S. Thangarasu

sthangarasu@gmail.com

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 38 No. 8 (2026): Vol 38, Issue 8 (2026)

Abstract

Pyridine-based compounds constitute an important class of molecules with broad pharmaceutical relevance owing to their diverse biological activities. Among these, 2-aminopyridine is widely used as a versatile precursor for the construction of heterocyclic frameworks. This work describes the growth of a proton-transfer single crystal, 2-aminopyridinium dihydrogen phosphate (2APDHP), using the slow solvent evaporation technique. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction confirmed that the crystal belongs to the monoclinic system. Structural optimization was carried out at the HF and DFT levels with the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set, providing detailed information on the molecular geometry, bond distances and bond angles. The electronic characteristics were examined through frontier molecular orbital calculations. Experimental FT-IR and Raman spectra were interpreted with the aid of theoretical vibrational calculations, yielding close agreement between the calculated and observed frequencies. Molecular docking was performed to examine the interaction of 2APDHP with α-synuclein of Parkinson’s disease, 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8 dihydropteroate synthase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the SARS-CoV-2 main protease.

Keywords

Infectious diseases Molecular docking Density functional theory SARS-CoV-2
(1)
Sivaraj, G.; Jayamani, N.; Viswanathan, T.; Thangarasu, S.; Kannan, S.; Murugan, A.; Manikandan, B. Structural, Spectroscopic, Quantum Chemical and Molecular Docking Studies on 2-Aminopyridinium Dihydrogen Phosphate: A Potential Multi-Target Bioactive Molecule. ajc 2026, 38, 2205-2214.
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. R.E. Baker, A.S. Mahmud, I.F. Miller, M. Rajeev, F. Rasambainarivo, B.L. Rice and C.J.E. Metcalf, Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 20, 193 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-021-00639-z
  2. D.M. Morens, G.K. Folkers and A.S. Fauci, Nature, 430, 242 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02759
  3. G.M. Abu-Taweel, M.M. Ibrahim, H.M. Al-Saidi, M. Alshamrani, S. Khan, F.A. Alhumaydhi and S.S. Alharthi, Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 54, 599 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2022.2089839
  4. G.M. Abu-Taweel, S.S. Alharthi, H.M. Al-Saidi, A.O. Babalghith, M.M. Ibrahim and S. Khan, Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 54, 2538 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2023.2186695
  5. V. Siva, A. Murugan, A.S. Shameem, M.U. Priya, S. Thangarasu, S. Athimoolam and S.A. Bahadur, J. Mol. Struct., 1250, 131888 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131866
  6. M. Rajasekar, V. Ranjitha and K. Rajasekar, Results Chem., 5, 100850 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100850
  7. A.C. Devi, V. Siva, S. Thangarasu, S. Athimoolam and S.A. Bahadur, J. Mol. Struct., 1245, 131033 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131033
  8. R. Mustière, A. Dassonville-Klimpt and P. Sonnet, Future Med. Chem., 16, 1357 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1080/17568919.2024.2359361
  9. E.A. Fayed, A.H. Bayoumi, A.S. Saleh, E.M.E. Al-Arab and Y.A. Ammar, Bioorg. Chem., 109, 104742 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104742
  10. P. Sharma, V. Suthar, M. Aggarwal, R. Singh and K.P. Kumar, in eds.: P. Singh, Recent Developments in the Synthesis and Applications of Pyridines, Elsevier, pp. 1-42 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-91221-1.00016-6
  11. V. Siva, S.A. Bahadur, A. Shameem, S. Athimoolam, K. Udaya Lakshmi and G. Vinitha, J. Mol. Struct., 1191, 110 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.04.091
  12. R.N. Rao and K. Chanda, Chem. Commun., 58, 343 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1039/D1CC04602K
  13. Z. Kibou, N. Aissaoui, I. Daoud, J.A. Seijas, M.P. Vázquez-Tato, N.K. Khelil and N. Choukchou-Braham, Molecules, 27, 3439 (2022); https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113439
  14. R.A. Mekheimer, M.A. Al-Sheikh, H.Y. Medrasi and N.H.H. Alsofyani, Molecules, 23, 619 (2018); https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23030619
  15. C. Carlsson, I. Rosén and E. Nilsson, Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand., 27, 87 (1983); https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.1983.tb01911.x
  16. G. Pandimeena, R. Premkumar, T. Mathavan and A.M.F. Benial, J. Mol. Struct., 1231, 129996 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.129996
  17. N. Mhadhbi, S. Dgachi, A. Ben Ahmed, N. Issaoui, R. Badraoui, S. Nasr, B. Badraoui and H. Naïli, Chem. Africa, 6, 1897 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1007/s42250-023-00620-8
  18. U. Soykan, Y. Sert and G. Yildirim, J. Mol. Struct., 1244, 130940 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130940
  19. K. Deepakvijay, A. Prakasam, R. Arivazhagan and P.M. Anbarasan, Chem. Phys. Impact, 7, 100395 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chphi.2023.100395
  20. M.J. Frisch, G.W. Trucks, H.B. Schlegel, G.E. Scuseria, M.A. Robb, J.R. Cheeseman, G. Scalmani, V. Barone, B. Mennucci, G.A. Petersson, H. Nakatsuji, M. Caricato, X. Li, H.P. Hratchian, A.F. Izmaylov, J. Bloino, G. Zheng, J.L. Sonnenberg, M. Hada, M. Ehara, K. Toyota, R. Fukuda, J. Hasegawa, M. Ishida, T. Nakajima, Y. Honda, O. Kitao, H. Nakai, T. Vreven, J.A. Montgomery, J.E. Peralta, F. Ogliaro, M. Bearpark, J.J. Heyd, E. Brothers, K.N. Kudin, V.N. Staroverov, R. Kobayashi, J. Normand, K. Raghavachari, A. Rendell, J.C. Burant, S.S. Iyengar, J. Tomasi, M. Cossi, N. Rega, J.M. Millam, M. Klene, J.E. Knox, J.B. Cross, V. Bakken, C. Adamo, J. Jaramillo, R. Gomperts, R.E. Stratmann, O. Yazyev, A.J. Austin, R. Cammi, C. Pomelli, J.W. Ochterski, R.L. Martin, K. Morokuma, V.G. Zakrzewski, G.A. Voth, P. Salvador, J.J. Dannenberg, J. Dapprich, A.D. Daniels, Ö. Farkas, J.B. Foresman, J.V. Ortiz, J. Cioslowski and D.J. Fox, Gaussian 09, Revision E.01, Gaussian Inc., Wallingford, CT, USA (2009).
  21. V. Siva, S.S. Kumar, A. Shameem, M. Raja, S. Athimoolam and S.A. Bahadur, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron., 28, 12484 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-7070-8
  22. V. Siva, S.S. Kumar, M. Suresh, M. Raja, S. Athimoolam and S.A. Bahadur, J. Mol. Struct., 1133, 163 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.11.088
  23. R. Dennington, T. Keith and J. Millam, GaussView, Version 5, Semichem Inc., Shawnee Mission, KS, USA (2009).
  24. S. Demir, V.T. Yilmaz and W.T.A. Harrison, Acta Crystallogr. C, 61, o565 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108270105024923
  25. G. Sivaraj, N. Jayamani and V. Siva, J. Mol. Struct., 1216, 128242 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128242
  26. V. Siva, A. Shameem, A. Murugan, S. Thangarasu, S.A. Bahadur and S. Athimoolam, Polycycl. Aromat. Compd., 43, 4984 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1080/10406638.2022.2097711
  27. A.K. Bharathi, S.C. Jeyaseelan, S. Hussain and A.M.F. Benial, J. Mol. Struct., 1295, 136551 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.136551
  28. F. Dai, Q. Zhuang, G. Huang, H. Deng and X. Zhang, ACS Omega, 8, 17064 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c01336
  29. G. Sivaraj, N. Jayamani and V. Siva, J. Mol. Struct., 1240, 130530 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130530
  30. V. Siva, A. Shameem, A. Murugan, S. Athimoolam, M. Suresh and S.A. Bahadur, Chin. J. Phys., 64, 103 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjph.2020.01.001
  31. P. Vivek, G.S. Kumar, A. Steephen, R.M. Jauhar, A. Suvitha, M. Rekha, M. Kowsalya, N. Karunagaran and R. Arunkumar, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron., 32, 4493 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-05190-w
  32. T.S. Ulmer, A. Bax, N.B. Cole and R.L. Nussbaum, J. Biol. Chem., 280, 9595 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M411805200
  33. A.M. Baca, R. Sirawaraporn, S. Turley, W. Sirawaraporn and W.G.J. Hol, J. Mol. Biol., 302, 1193 (2000); https://doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.2000.4094
  34. A. Douangamath, D. Fearon, P. Gehrtz, T. Krojer, P. Lukacik, C.D. Owen, E. Resnick, C. Strain-Damerell, A. Aimon, P. Ábrányi-Balogh and J. Brandão-Neto, Nat. Commun., 11, 5047 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18709-w
  35. W. Tian, C. Chen, X. Lei, J. Zhao and J. Liang, Nucleic Acids Res., 46, W363 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gky473
  36. J. Yang, A. Roy and Y. Zhang, Bioinformatics, 29, 2588 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btt447
  37. J. Eberhardt, D. Santos-Martins, A.F. Tillack and S. Forli, J. Chem. Inf. Model., 61, 3891 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00203
  38. A.C. Kaushik, S. Bharadwaj, S. Kumar and D.Q. Wei, Sci. Rep., 8, 9169 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-27580-1
Read More
Author biographies is not available.
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 16 Download : 5
PlumX