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Vol. 38 No. 7 (2026): Vol. 38, No 7 (2026)

Copyright (c) 2026 Nandyala Malyadri Reddy, K.R.S. Prasad, N. Ravi Shekar Reddy, Katam Reddy Vinod Kumar Reddy, G. Pavana Kumari, Naveen Mulakayala

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Simple and Selective Synthesis of Critical α-Anomer Impurity of SGLT2 Inhibitors: Empagliflozin, Dapagliflozin and Canagliflozin

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2026.36011
Nandyala Malyadri Reddy
Department of Chemistry, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur-522302, India; SVAK Life Sciences, ALEAP Industrial Area, Hyderabad-500090, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9462-5903
K.R.S. Prasad
Department of Chemistry, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur-522302, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-954X
N. Ravi Shekar Reddy
SVAK Life Sciences, ALEAP Industrial Area, Hyderabad-500090, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3317-0420
Katam Reddy Vinod Kumar Reddy
SVAK Life Sciences, ALEAP Industrial Area, Hyderabad-500090, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8843-7677
G. Pavana Kumari
Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning-Anantapur Campus, Anantapur-515001, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3901-8278
Naveen Mulakayala
SVAK Life Sciences, ALEAP Industrial Area, Hyderabad-500090, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5621-6455

Corresponding Author(s) : K.R.S. Prasad

krsprasad_fed@kluniversity.in

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 38 No. 7 (2026): Vol. 38, No 7 (2026)

Abstract

The present study focuses on the selective synthesis of α-anomer impurities in SGLT2 inhibitors, namely empagliflozin, dapagliflozin and canagliflozin. Sodium‑glucose cotransporter‑2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are very important medication used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, their safety profiles and therapeutic efficacy may be impacted by the existence of isomeric impurities. Herein, a simple and effective synthetic method is given to obtain these crucial α-anomers using aryl halides with C1-glycosyl halides using zinc powder, nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate and 4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine in good yields. The obtained results serve as a foundation for standardizing quality control procedures and highlight the significance of thorough impurity profiling in pharmaceutical development. In addition to improving knowledge of SGLT2 inhibitors, this work advances the larger endeavor of guaranteeing patient safety through strict pharmaceutical procedures.

Keywords

SGLT2 inhibitors Empagliflozin Dapagliflozin Canagliflozin α-Anomer Pharmaceutical impurities Quality control
(1)
Reddy, N. M.; Prasad, K.; Reddy, N. R. S.; Reddy, K. R. V. K.; Kumari, G. P.; Mulakayala, N. Simple and Selective Synthesis of Critical α-Anomer Impurity of SGLT2 Inhibitors: Empagliflozin, Dapagliflozin and Canagliflozin. ajc 2026, 38, 1960-1966.
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