Copyright (c) 2026 K V Arunkumar kumar, PACHIYAPPAN K.M., Gandamalla Ambedkar, MANIKANDAN DHAYALAN
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
In situ Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Cotton Fabric for Eco-Friendly Textile Applications
Corresponding Author(s) : D. Manikandan
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 38 No. 7 (2026): Vol. 38, No 7 (2026)
Abstract
This study describes the fabrication of cotton twill fabrics coated with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) for the development of eco-friendly textiles. ZnO NPs were synthesized in situ on citric acid-pretreated cotton fabrics using zinc acetate as the precursor and sodium hydroxide as the alkaline agent. Citric acid pretreatment enhanced zinc ion adsorption, enabling uniform nanoparticle deposition and strong interfacial bonding between the ZnO NPs and cellulose fibers under controlled alkaline and thermal conditions. FT-IR analysis confirmed the formation of ZnO NPs through characteristic absorption bands at 500-430 cm–1. EDX analysis confirmed the presence of zinc and oxygen, while FESEM images revealed a homogeneous nanoscale distribution of the nanoparticles on the fabric surface. XRD analysis confirmed the cellulose-I crystalline structure together with weak diffraction peaks corresponding to partially amorphous ZnO NPs. The functionalized fabrics exhibited concentration-dependent antibacterial activity, demonstrating enhanced antimicrobial performance with increasing ZnO loading. The proposed in situ synthesis method provides a simple, durable and effective approach for the functionalization of cotton fabrics, offering promising potential for protective and healthcare textile applications.
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M.Q. He, Y. Ai, W. Hu, L. Guan, M. Ding and Q. Liang, Adv. Mater., 35, 2211915 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202211915
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H. Groen and K.J. Roberts, J. Phys. Chem. B, 105, 10723 (2001); https://doi.org/10.1021/jp011128l
A.A. Keirudin, N. Zainuddin and N.A. Yusof, Polymers, 12, 2465 (2020); https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12112465
M.K. Liang, M.J. Limo, A. Sola-Rabada, M.J. Roe and C.C. Perry, Chem. Mater., 26, 4119 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1021/cm501096p
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T. Taghipour, G. Karimipour, M. Ghaedi and A. Asfaram, Ultrason. Sonochem., 41, 389 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.09.056
A. Patti, Macromol. Rapid Commun., 46, 2400636 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.202400636
M. Wang, J. Kang, J. Yang, Z. Wen, M. Zhao and Z. Li, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 13, 118707 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2025.118707
B.H. Dong and J.P. Hinestroza, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 1, 797 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1021/am800225j
Y. Zhu, T. Mei, Y. Wang and Y. Qian, J. Mater. Chem., 21, 11457 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1039/c1jm11079a
