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Vol. 38 No. 7 (2026): Vol. 38, No 7 (2026)

Copyright (c) 2026 Sananda Malangi, Lima, Korban, Suhag, Md. Nazmul Kayes

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Fish Scale-Derived Biosorbent from Tenualosa ilisha for the Removal of Congo Red Dye from Aqueous Solutions: Isotherms, Thermodynamics and Kinetics

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2026.35801
Sananda Malangi
Department of Chemistry, University of Barishal, Barishal 8254, Bangladesh
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5993-6207
Umme Sultana Lima
Department of Chemistry, University of Barishal, Barishal 8254, Bangladesh
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3993-9314
Md. Korban Ali
Department of Chemistry, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7552-3330
Mahmudul Hassan Suhag
Department of Chemistry, University of Barishal, Barishal 8254, Bangladesh
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9214-3946
Md. Nazmul Kayes
Department of Chemistry, University of Barishal, Barishal 8254, Bangladesh
https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8605-4962

Corresponding Author(s) : Md. Nazmul Kayes

dmnkayes@bu.ac.bd

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 38 No. 7 (2026): Vol. 38, No 7 (2026)

Abstract

In this work, the potential of fish scales from Tenualosa ilisha (TIFS) as a sustainable bio-adsorbent for removing Congo red (CR) dye from an aqueous solution is reported. The adsorption was carried out in an electric shaker to evaluate the effect of adsorbent dosages, initial dye concentration, pH and temperature. A UV-visible spectrophotometer was used to monitor the adsorption capacity of TIFS. Almost all the CR molecules (99.84%) were adsorbed on the surface of TIFS at a CR concentration of 8 × 10–5 M, 3 g of TIFS, 26 ºC temperature, pH = 9.65 and a contact time of 50 min. FTIR analysis confirmed the involvement of functional groups such as hydroxyl and amide in the adsorption process. SEM images revealed significant morphological changes on the TIFS surface after adsorption, while EDX analysis showed increased nitrogen and oxygen contents, indicating successful dye uptake. The experimental results indicate that CR adsorption on the surface of TIFS is an exothermic process. Based on thermodynamic inspection, negative values of Gibbs free energy (ΔG) suggested a spontaneous adsorption process. The adsorption of CR on TIFS is found to follow Freundlich adsorption isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetics.

Keywords

Adsorption Congo red Fish scales Isotherm Kinetics Thermodynamics
(1)
Malangi, S.; Lima, U. S.; Ali, M. K.; Suhag, M. H.; Kayes, M. N. Fish Scale-Derived Biosorbent from Tenualosa Ilisha for the Removal of Congo Red Dye from Aqueous Solutions: Isotherms, Thermodynamics and Kinetics. ajc 2026, 38, 1785-1794.
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